Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (724)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

The last category consists of permissible matters, for which there is neither reward nor punishment. The worst consists of all acts of disobedience, and the best consists of all acts of obedience. With this distinction, the meaning of the verse becomes clear. His words, “so that Allah may forgive them for the worst of what they did,” mean their minor sins, because of their excellence in good and their mindfulness of Him; and “reward them according to the best of what they used to do” means for all their good deeds. “Indeed, Allah does not wrong even by an atom’s weight. If there is a good deed, He multiplies it and grants from Himself a tremendous reward.”

⦗725⦘

(36–37) “Is Allah not sufficient for His servant? Yet they seek to frighten you with those besides Him. Whoever Allah leads astray will have no guide; * and whoever Allah guides will have none to lead him astray. Is Allah not Almighty, the Lord of retribution?”

“Is Allah not sufficient for His servant?” That is: Does it not follow from His generosity, munificence, and care for the servant who worships Him, obeys His command, and avoids His prohibition—especially the most perfect of all creation in worshipping his Lord, Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him—that Allah Most High will suffice him in the affairs of his religion and worldly life and ward off anyone who opposes him with evil?

“Yet they seek to frighten you with those besides Him”—namely, idols and rivals—warning that they might harm you. This stems from their waywardness and misguidance.

“Whoever Allah leads astray will have no guide; and whoever Allah guides will have none to lead him astray,” for He Most High is the One in whose hand are guidance and misguidance. Whatever He wills comes to pass, and whatever He does not will does not come to pass. “Is Allah not Almighty?” He possesses perfect might, by which He has subdued everything. By His might, He suffices His servant and wards off their schemes against him. He is “the Lord of retribution” against those who disobey Him; therefore, beware of all that incurs His retribution.

والقسم الأخير قسم المباحات وما لا يتعلق به ثواب ولا عقاب، والأسوأ، المعاصي كلها، والأحسن الطاعات كلها، فبهذا التفصيل، يتبين معنى الآية، وأن قوله: ﴿لِيُكَفِّرَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ أَسْوَأَ الَّذِي عَمِلُوا﴾ أي: ذنوبهم الصغار، بسبب إحسانهم وتقواهم، ﴿وَيَجْزِيَهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ بِأَحْسَنِ الَّذِي كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ﴾ أي: بحسناتهم كلها ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ وَإِنْ تَكُ حَسَنَةً يُضَاعِفْهَا وَيُؤْتِ مِنْ لَدُنْهُ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا﴾ ⦗٧٢٥⦘ ﴿٣٦ - ٣٧﴾ ﴿أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِكَافٍ عَبْدَهُ وَيُخَوِّفُونَكَ بِالَّذِينَ مِنْ دُونِهِ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ * وَمَنْ يَهْدِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ مُضِلٍّ أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِعَزِيزٍ ذِي انْتِقَامٍ﴾ . ﴿أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِكَافٍ عَبْدَهُ﴾ أي: أليس من كرمه وجوده، وعنايته بعبده، الذي قام بعبوديته، وامتثل أمره واجتنب نهيه، خصوصا أكمل الخلق عبودية لربه، وهو محمد ﷺ، فإن الله تعالى سيكفيه في أمر دينه ودنياه، ويدفع عنه من ناوأه بسوء. ﴿وَيُخَوِّفُونَكَ بِالَّذِينَ مِنْ دُونِهِ﴾ من الأصنام والأنداد أن تنالك بسوء، وهذا من غيهم وضلالهم. ﴿وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ وَمَنْ يَهْدِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ مُضِلٍّ﴾ لأنه تعالى الذي بيده الهداية والإضلال، وهو الذي ما شاء كان وما لم يشأ لم يكن. ﴿أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِعَزِيزٍ﴾ له العزة الكاملة التي قهر بها كل شيء، وبعزته يكفي عبده ويدفع عنه مكرهم. ﴿ذِي انْتِقَامٍ﴾ ممن عصاه، فاحذروا موجبات نقمته.