Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (698)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(69–70) “We did not teach him poetry, nor is it fitting for him. It is only a reminder and a clear Quran, so that he may warn whoever is alive and the decree may be fulfilled against the disbelievers.”

Allah Most High declares His Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) to be far above the allegations made by the polytheists—that he was a poet and that what he brought was poetry. He therefore said: “We did not teach him poetry, nor is it fitting for him” to be a poet. That is, his being a poet is ⦗699⦘ utterly inconceivable, for he is sound in judgment and rightly guided, whereas poets are wayward and are followed by the wayward. Moreover, Allah Most High decisively eliminated every specious argument that those astray might use against His Messenger: He decisively negated that he could write or read, and He stated that He had not taught him poetry and that it was not fitting for him.

“It is only a reminder and a clear Quran.” That is, what he brought is nothing but a reminder through which people of understanding are reminded of every matter of religion. It encompasses them in the fullest manner and reminds minds of what Allah has embedded in their innate nature: the command to do everything good and the prohibition of everything evil.

“And a clear Quran”—that is, it makes clear whatever requires clarification. The object of “makes clear” is therefore omitted to indicate that it makes clear all truth, together with its detailed and general proofs, as well as falsehood and the proofs of its falsity. Allah sent it down in this manner to His Messenger.

“So that he may warn whoever is alive”—that is, whoever possesses a living and receptive heart. Such a person flourishes through this Quran, grows in knowledge from it, and increases in righteous deeds. The Quran is to his heart like rain to good, fertile soil. “And the decree may be fulfilled against the disbelievers,” because Allah’s proof has thereby been established against them and their arguments have been cut off, leaving them without the slightest excuse or specious argument to put forward.

﴿٦٩ - ٧٠﴾ ﴿وَمَا عَلَّمْنَاهُ الشِّعْرَ وَمَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ إِنْ هُوَ إِلا ذِكْرٌ وَقُرْآنٌ مُبِينٌ * لِيُنْذِرَ مَنْ كَانَ حَيًّا وَيَحِقَّ الْقَوْلُ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ . ينزه تعالى نبيه محمدا ﷺ، عما رماه به المشركون، من أنه شاعر، وأن الذي جاء به شعر فقال: ﴿وَمَا عَلَّمْنَاهُ الشِّعْرَ وَمَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ﴾ أن يكون شاعرا، أي: هذا من ⦗٦٩٩⦘ جنس المحال أن يكون شاعرا، لأنه رشيد مهتد، والشعراء غاوون، يتبعهم الغاوون، ولأن الله تعالى حسم جميع الشبه التي يتعلق بها الضالون على رسوله، فحسم أن يكون يكتب أو يقرأ، وأخبر أنه ما علمه الشعر وما ينبغي له، ﴿إِنْ هُوَ إِلا ذِكْرٌ وَقُرْآنٌ مُبِينٌ﴾ أي: ما هذا الذي جاء به إلا ذكر يتذكر به أولو الألباب، جميع المطالب الدينية، فهو مشتمل عليها أتم اشتمال، وهو يذكر العقول، ما ركز الله في فطرها من الأمر بكل حسن، والنهي عن كل قبيح. ﴿وَقُرْآنٍ مُبِينٍ﴾ أي: مبين لما يطلب بيانه. ولهذا حذف المعمول، ليدل على أنه مبين لجميع الحق، بأدلته التفصيلية والإجمالية، والباطل وأدلة بطلانه، أنزله الله كذلك على رسوله. ﴿لِيُنْذِرَ مَنْ كَانَ حَيًّا﴾ أي: حي القلب واعيه، فهو الذي يزكو على هذا القرآن، وهو الذي يزداد من العلم منه والعمل، ويكون القرآن لقلبه بمنزلة المطر للأرض الطيبة الزاكية. ﴿وَيَحِقَّ الْقَوْلُ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ لأنهم قامت عليهم به حجة الله، وانقطع احتجاجهم، فلم يبق لهم أدنى عذر وشبهة يُدْلُونَ بها.