Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(38–39) “There is no blame upon the Prophet regarding what Allah has ordained for him. This is Allah’s established way with those who passed before. And Allah’s command is a decree firmly determined—those who convey Allah’s messages, fear Him, and fear none but Allah. And sufficient is Allah as Reckoner.”

This refutes those who criticized the Messenger—peace and blessings be upon him—for having many wives, for they criticized something in which there was no legitimate ground for criticism. Allah said: “There is no blame upon the Prophet”—that is, no sin or wrongdoing—“regarding what Allah has ordained for him,” meaning the wives He had decreed for him. Allah had permitted this to the prophets before him. He therefore said: “This is Allah’s established way with those who passed before. And Allah’s command is a decree firmly determined”—that is, it must inevitably come to pass.

He then described those who had passed before, whose established way and custom this was: “those who convey Allah’s messages.” They recite Allah’s verses, proofs, and clear evidences to His servants and call them to Allah. They “fear Him” alone, without partner, “and fear none but Allah.”

Since this was the established way of the divinely protected prophets, who fulfilled their duty in the most complete manner—the duty of calling creation to Allah and fearing Him alone, which entails carrying out every command and refraining from every prohibition—it demonstrates that there is no deficiency in it whatsoever.

“And sufficient is Allah as Reckoner”—calling His servants to account and watching over their deeds. This also shows that marriage is among the established practices of the messengers.

﴿٣٨ - ٣٩﴾ ﴿مَا كَانَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ مِنْ حَرَجٍ فِيمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهُ سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا مَقْدُورًا * الَّذِينَ يُبَلِّغُونَ رِسَالاتِ اللَّهِ وَيَخْشَوْنَهُ وَلا يَخْشَوْنَ أَحَدًا إِلا اللَّهَ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا﴾ . هذا دفع لطعن من طعن في الرسول ﷺ، في كثرة أزواجه، وأنه طعن، بما لا مطعن فيه، فقال: ﴿مَا كَانَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ مِنْ حَرَجٍ﴾ أي: إثم وذنب. ﴿فِيمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهُ﴾ أي: قدر له من الزوجات، فإن هذا، قد أباحه الله للأنبياء قبله، ولهذا قال: ﴿سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا مَقْدُورًا﴾ أي: لا بد من وقوعه. ثم ذكر من هم الذين من قبل قد خلوا، وهذه سنتهم وعادتهم، وأنهم ﴿الَّذِينَ يُبَلِّغُونَ رِسَالاتِ اللَّهِ﴾ فيتلون على العباد آيات الله، وحججه وبراهينه، ويدعونهم إلى الله ﴿وَيَخْشَوْنَهُ﴾ وحده لا شريك له ﴿وَلا يَخْشَوْنَ أَحَدًا﴾ إلا الله. فإذا كان هذا، سنة في الأنبياء المعصومين، الذين وظيفتهم قد أدوها وقاموا بها، أتم القيام، وهو: دعوة الخلق إلى الله، والخشية منه وحده التي تقتضي فعل كل مأمور، وترك كل محظور، دل ذلك على أنه لا نقص فيه بوجه. ﴿وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا﴾ محاسبًا عباده، مراقبًا أعمالهم. وعلم من هذا، أن النكاح، من سنن المرسلين.

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