Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (653)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

⦗34⦘ “Indeed, Allah alone has knowledge of the Hour. He sends down the rain and knows what is in the wombs. No soul knows what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul knows in what land it will die. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.”

It has already been established that Allah Most High encompasses in His knowledge the unseen and the seen, the outward and the inward. Allah may disclose many unseen matters to His servants, but these five [matters] (1) are among those whose knowledge He has withheld from all creation. Neither a messenger-prophet nor an angel brought near knows them, much less anyone else.

Thus He says, “Indeed, Allah alone has knowledge of the Hour”—that is, He knows when it will come to pass. As Allah Most High says, “They ask you about the Hour: ‘When will it come to pass?’ Say, ‘Its knowledge is only with my Lord. None but He will reveal it at its appointed time. It weighs heavily upon the heavens and the earth and will not come upon you except suddenly,’” to the end of the verse.

“He sends down the rain”—that is, He alone sends it down and knows when it will fall.

“And knows what is in the wombs.” He is the One who created what is within them and knows what it is—whether male or female. Thus, the angel entrusted with the wombs asks his Lord, “Is it male or female?” Allah then decrees whatever He wills.

“No soul knows what it will earn tomorrow,” whether in its religion or its worldly affairs, “and no soul knows in what land it will die.” Rather, Allah Most High alone possesses knowledge of all these things.

After mentioning these matters specifically, He affirmed that His knowledge encompasses all things, saying, “Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.” His knowledge encompasses the outward and the inward, all that is hidden and deeply concealed, and every secret. By His perfect wisdom, He concealed knowledge of these five from His servants, for this brings benefits evident to anyone who reflects upon it.

By Allah’s grace and aid, the commentary on Surah Luqmān is complete. All praise is due to Allah.

(1) An addition from B.

﴿٣٤﴾ ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الأرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ﴾ . قد تقرر أن الله تعالى أحاط علمه بالغيب والشهادة، والظواهر والبواطن، وقد يطلع الله عباده على كثير من الأمور الغيبية، وهذه [الأمور] (١) الخمسة، من الأمور التي طوى علمها عن جميع المخلوقات، فلا يعلمها نبي مرسل، ولا ملك مقرب، فضلا عن غيرهما، فقال: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ﴾ أي: يعلم متى مرساها، كما قال تعالى: ﴿يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ أَيَّانَ مُرْسَاهَا قُلْ إِنَّمَا عِلْمُهَا عِنْدَ رَبِّي لا يُجَلِّيهَا لِوَقْتِهَا إِلا هُوَ ثَقُلَتْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ لا تَأْتِيكُمْ إِلا بَغْتَةً﴾ الآية. ﴿وَيُنزلُ الْغَيْثَ﴾ أي: هو المنفرد بإنزاله، وعلم وقت نزوله. ﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الأرْحَامِ﴾ فهو الذي أنشأ ما فيها، وعلم ما هو، هل هو ذكر أم أنثى، ولهذا يسأل الملك الموكل بالأرحام ربه: هل هو ذكر أم أنثى؟ فيقضي الله ما يشاء. ﴿وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا﴾ من كسب دينها ودنياها، ﴿وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ﴾ بل الله تعالى، هو المختص بعلم ذلك جميعه. ولما خصص هذه الأشياء، عمم علمه بجميع الأشياء فقال: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ﴾ محيط بالظواهر والبواطن، والخفايا والخبايا، والسرائر، ومن حكمته التامة، أن أخفى علم هذه الخمسة عن العباد، لأن في ذلك من المصالح ما لا يخفى على من تدبر ذلك. تم تفسير سورة لقمان بفضل الله وعونه، والحمد لله.

(١) زيادة من ب.