Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (607)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

and “sent down for you”—that is, for your sake—“water from the sky, by which We caused gardens to grow”—that is, orchards—“of splendid beauty,” meaning beautiful to behold because of their abundant and varied trees and fine fruits. “You could never have caused their trees to grow” were it not for Allah’s favor upon you in sending down the rain. “Is there any deity alongside Allah” that performed these deeds, such that it should be worshipped alongside Him and associated with Him? “Rather, they are a people who ascribe equals to Him”: they set others on a par with Him and regard them as His equals, despite knowing that He alone created the upper and lower realms and sends down provision.

⦗608⦘

⦗61⦘ “Or who is it that made the earth a stable abode, placed rivers through it, set firm mountains upon it, and placed a barrier between the two bodies of water? Is there any deity alongside Allah? Rather, most of them do not know.”

That is: Are the idols and images, which are deficient in every respect and possess no power to act, provide, or benefit, better—or Allah, who “made the earth a stable abode” upon which His servants may settle and where they are able to dwell, cultivate the land, build, and travel to and fro? “And placed rivers through it,” meaning that He placed rivers throughout the earth from which His servants benefit in watering their crops and trees and in providing drink for themselves and their livestock.

“And set firm mountains upon it,” meaning mountains that anchor and stabilize it so that it does not sway, serving as pegs for it so that it does not quake. “And placed between the two bodies of water”—the salt water and the fresh water—“a barrier” that prevents them from mixing, lest the intended benefit of each be lost. Rather, He placed a barrier of land between them, causing the rivers to flow through the land at a distance from the seas, so that their intended purposes and benefits might be realized. “Is there any deity alongside Allah” that did this, such that it might be regarded as Allah’s equal and associated with Him? “Rather, most of them do not know,” and so they associate partners with Allah in blind imitation of their leaders. Had they possessed true knowledge, they would not have associated anything with Him.

﴿وَأَنزلَ لَكُمْ﴾ أي: لأجلكم ﴿مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَنْبَتْنَا بِهِ حَدَائِقَ﴾ أي: بساتين ﴿ذَاتَ بَهْجَةٍ﴾ أي: حسن منظر من كثرة أشجارها وتنوعها وحسن ثمارها، ﴿مَا كَانَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُنْبِتُوا شَجَرَهَا﴾ لولا منة الله عليكم بإنزال المطر. ﴿أَإِلَهٌ مَعَ اللَّهِ﴾ فعل هذه الأفعال حتى يعبد معه ويشرك به؟ ﴿بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ يَعْدِلُونَ﴾ به غيره ويسوون به سواه مع علمهم أنه وحده خالق العالم العلوي والسفلي ومنزل الرزق. ⦗٦٠٨⦘ ﴿٦١﴾ ﴿أَمَّنْ جَعَلَ الأرْضَ قَرَارًا وَجَعَلَ خِلالَهَا أَنْهَارًا وَجَعَلَ لَهَا رَوَاسِيَ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَاجِزًا أَإِلَهٌ مَعَ اللَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ . أي: هل الأصنام والأوثان الناقصة من كل وجه التي لا فعل منها ولا رزق ولا نفع خير؟ أم الله الذي ﴿جَعَلَ الأرْضَ قَرَارًا﴾ يستقر عليها العباد ويتمكنون من السكنى والحرث والبناء والذهاب والإياب. ﴿وَجَعَلَ خِلالَهَا أَنْهَارًا﴾ أي: جعل في خلال الأرض أنهارا ينتفع بها العباد في زروعهم وأشجارهم، وشربهم وشرب مواشيهم. ﴿وَجَعَلَ لَهَا رَوَاسِيَ﴾ أي: جبالا ترسيها وتثبتها لئلا تميد وتكون أوتادا لها لئلا تضطرب. ﴿وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ﴾ البحر المالح والبحر العذب ﴿حَاجِزًا﴾ يمنع من اختلاطهما فتفوت المنفعة المقصودة من كل منهما بل جعل بينهما حاجزا من الأرض، جعل مجرى الأنهار في الأرض مبعدة عن البحار فيحصل منها مقاصدها ومصالحها، ﴿أَإِلَهٌ مَعَ اللَّهِ﴾ فعل ذلك حتى يعدل به الله ويشرك به معه. ﴿بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ فيشركون بالله تقليدا لرؤسائهم وإلا فلو علموا حق العلم لم يشركوا به شيئا.