Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (565)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

“If you find no one there, do not enter until permission is given to you. And if you are told, ‘Go back,’ then go back. That is purer for you, and Allah knows all that you do. * There is no blame upon you for entering uninhabited houses in which you have belongings. Allah knows what you disclose and what you conceal.”

“If you find no one there, do not enter until permission is given to you. And if you are told, ‘Go back,’ then go back.” That is, do not refuse to leave, nor become angry about it. The owner of the house has not denied you any right owed to you; rather, granting permission is a voluntary courtesy on his part. He may grant or refuse permission as he wishes. None of you, therefore, should allow pride or resentment to overcome him in such a situation. “That is purer for you”—that is, more conducive to cleansing you of sins and increasing you in good deeds. “And Allah knows all that you do,” so He will recompense everyone for his deeds, whether many or few, and whether good or otherwise.

This ruling applies to inhabited houses, whether or not a person has belongings in them, as well as to uninhabited houses in which he has no belongings. As for houses whose occupants are absent but which contain a person’s belongings that he needs to enter to retrieve, with no one present from whom he can seek permission—such as rented houses and the like—Allah mentions them in His words:

“There is no blame upon you”—that is, no hardship or sin. This indicates that entering the houses previously mentioned without permission is prohibited ⦗566⦘ and entails sin—“for entering uninhabited houses in which you have belongings.” This is one of the Quran’s remarkable qualifications. The words, “Do not enter houses other than your own,” are general and encompass every house that a person does not own. Allah exempted from this those houses that he does not own but that contain his belongings and have no occupant, thus removing any blame for entering them. “Allah knows what you disclose and what you conceal”—your outward and inward states—and He knows what serves your interests. He has therefore prescribed for you such religious rulings as you need and cannot do without.

﴿فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فِيهَا أَحَدًا فَلا تَدْخُلُوهَا حَتَّى يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ وَإِنْ قِيلَ لَكُمُ ارْجِعُوا فَارْجِعُوا هُوَ أَزْكَى لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ * لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ مَسْكُونَةٍ فِيهَا مَتَاعٌ لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ﴾ . ﴿فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فِيهَا أَحَدًا فَلا تَدْخُلُوهَا حَتَّى يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ وَإِنْ قِيلَ لَكُمُ ارْجِعُوا فَارْجِعُوا﴾ أي: فلا تمتنعوا من الرجوع، ولا تغضبوا منه، فإن صاحب المنزل، لم يمنعكم حقا واجبا لكم، وإنما هو متبرع، فإن شاء أذن أو منع، فأنتم لا يأخذ أحدكم الكبر والاشمئزاز من هذه الحال، ﴿هُوَ أَزْكَى لَكُمْ﴾ أي: أشد لتطهيركم من السيئات، وتنميتكم بالحسنات. ﴿وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ﴾ فيجازي كل عامل بعمله، من كثرة وقلة، وحسن وعدمه، هذا الحكم في البيوت المسكونة، سواء كان فيها متاع للإنسان أم لا وفي البيوت غير المسكونة، التي لا متاع فيها للإنسان، وأما البيوت التي ليس فيها أهلها، وفيها متاع الإنسان المحتاج للدخول إليه، وليس فيها أحد يتمكن من استئذانه، وذلك كبيوت الكراء وغيرها، فقد ذكرها بقوله: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ﴾ أي: حرج وإثم، دل على أن الدخول من غير استئذان في البيوت السابقة، أنه محرم، ⦗٥٦٦⦘ وفيه حرج ﴿أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ مَسْكُونَةٍ فِيهَا مَتَاعٌ لَكُمْ﴾ وهذا من احترازات القرآن العجيبة، فإن قوله: ﴿لا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ بُيُوتِكُمْ﴾ لفظ عام في كل بيت ليس ملكا للإنسان، أخرج منه تعالى البيوت التي ليست ملكه، وفيها متاعه، وليس فيها ساكن، فأسقط الحرج في الدخول إليها، ﴿وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ﴾ أحوالكم الظاهرة والخفية، وعلم مصالحكم، فلذلك شرع لكم ما تحتاجون إليه وتضطرون، من الأحكام الشرعية.