Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (554)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(57–62) “Indeed, those who are apprehensive out of fear of their Lord; who believe in the signs of their Lord; and who associate no partners with their Lord.”

After mentioning those who combine wrongdoing with a sense of security—those who claim that Allah’s worldly gifts to them are proof of their goodness and merit—Allah Most High mentions those who combine righteous conduct with fear. He says: “Indeed, those who are apprehensive out of fear of their Lord.” That is, they are fearful, their hearts filled with apprehension, all because of their fear of their Lord. They fear that He may subject them to His justice, leaving them with no good deed to their credit. They distrust themselves, fearing that they may not have fulfilled what is due to Allah Most High. They also fear losing their faith and recognize their Lord and the reverence and honor He deserves. Their fear and apprehension lead them to refrain from what would bring about the outcome they fear: committing sins and neglecting obligatory duties.

“Who believe in the signs of their Lord.” That is, when His verses are recited to them, they increase them in faith. They also reflect upon and carefully contemplate the Quranic verses, whereupon the meanings and majesty of the Quran become clear to them, as do its coherence, its freedom from discrepancy and contradiction, and all that it teaches concerning knowledge of Allah, fear of Him, hope in Him, and the realities of recompense. This produces within them such detailed aspects of faith as words cannot express.

They also reflect upon the signs throughout the horizons, as in His words: “Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of night and day are signs for people of understanding,” to the end of the verses.

“And who associate no partners with their Lord.” That is, they commit neither manifest association—such as taking something besides Allah as an object of worship, calling upon it, and placing hope in it—nor hidden association, such as showing off and the like. Rather, they are sincere to Allah in their words, deeds, and every aspect of their lives.

﴿٥٧ - ٦٢﴾ ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ هُمْ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ رَبِّهِمْ مُشْفِقُونَ * وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ يُؤْمِنُونَ * وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِرَبِّهِمْ لا يُشْرِكُونَ﴾ . لما ذكر تعالى الذين جمعوا بين الإساءة والأمن، الذين يزعمون أن عطاء الله إياهم في الدنيا دليل على خيرهم وفضلهم، ذكر الذين جمعوا بين الإحسان والخوف، فقال: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ هُمْ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ رَبِّهِمْ مُشْفِقُونَ﴾ أي: وجلون، مشفقة قلوبهم كل ذلك من خشية ربهم، خوفا أن يضع عليهم عدله، فلا يبقى لهم حسنة، وسوء ظن بأنفسهم، أن لا يكونوا قد قاموا بحق الله تعالى، وخوفا على إيمانهم من الزوال، ومعرفة منهم بربهم، وما يستحقه من الإجلال والإكرام، وخوفهم وإشفاقهم يوجب لهم الكف عما يوجب الأمر المخوف من الذنوب، والتقصير في الواجبات. ﴿وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ أي: إذا تليت عليهم آياته زادتهم إيمانا، ويتفكرون أيضا في الآيات القرآنية ويتدبرونها، فيبين لهم من معاني القرآن وجلالته واتفاقه، وعدم اختلافه وتناقضه، وما يدعو إليه من معرفة الله وخوفه ورجائه، وأحوال الجزاء، فيحدث لهم بذلك من تفاصيل الإيمان، ما لا يعبر عنه اللسان. ويتفكرون أيضا في الآيات الأفقية، كما في قوله: ﴿إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ وَاخْتِلافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لآيَاتٍ لأولِي الألْبَابِ﴾ إلى آخر الآيات. ﴿وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِرَبِّهِمْ لا يُشْرِكُونَ﴾ أي: لا شركا جليا، كاتخاذ غير الله معبودا، يدعوه ويرجوه ولا شركا خفيا، كالرياء ونحوه، بل هم مخلصون لله، في أقوالهم وأعمالهم وسائر أحوالهم.