Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (534)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(8–9) “Among mankind are those who dispute concerning Allah without knowledge, guidance, or an illuminating Scripture, turning away in arrogance so as to lead others away from Allah’s way. For him there is disgrace in this world, and on the Day of Resurrection We shall make him taste the torment of the Blaze.”

The earlier disputation was that of the uncritical follower, whereas this is the disputation of the rebellious devil who calls to religious innovations. Allah informs us that he “disputes concerning Allah”; that is, he disputes with Allah’s messengers and their followers by means of falsehood, seeking thereby to refute the truth. He does so “without” sound “knowledge, or guidance”; that is, in this dispute he follows no one who might guide him—neither sound reason to direct him nor a rightly guided authority to follow—“or an illuminating Scripture”; that is, one that is clear and manifest. Thus, he possesses neither rational nor transmitted proof. They are nothing but specious arguments inspired in him by Satan: “Indeed, the devils inspire their allies to dispute with you.”

Despite this, he goes about “turning away in arrogance”; that is, twisting his side and neck away. This is an allusion to his arrogance toward the truth and his contempt for people. He exults in the useless knowledge he possesses and looks down upon the people of truth and the truth they possess, “so as to lead” people astray—that is, to become one of those who call to misguidance. This includes all leaders of disbelief and misguidance.

Allah then mentions their punishment in this world and the Hereafter: “For him there is disgrace in this world”; that is, he will be exposed and disgraced in this world before the Hereafter. This is one of Allah’s wondrous signs: you will never find anyone who calls to disbelief and misguidance without his receiving, among all people, the loathing, curses, hatred, and condemnation he rightly deserves—each according to his condition.

“And on the Day of Resurrection We shall make him taste the torment of the Blaze”; that is, We shall make him taste its intense heat and raging flames. That is because of what his own hands have sent forth, “and because Allah is never unjust to His servants.”

﴿٨ - ٩﴾ ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلا هُدًى وَلا كِتَابٍ مُنِيرٍ * ثَانِيَ عِطْفِهِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا خِزْيٌ وَنُذِيقُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ﴾ . المجادلة المتقدمة للمقلد، وهذه المجادلة للشيطان المريد، الداعي إلى البدع، فأخبر أنه ﴿يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ﴾ أي: يجادل رسل الله وأتباعهم بالباطل ليدحض به الحق، ﴿بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ﴾ صحيح ﴿وَلا هُدًى﴾ أي: غير متبع في جداله هذا من يهديه، لا عقل مرشد، ولا متبوع مهتد، ﴿وَلا كِتَابٍ مُنِيرٍ﴾ أي: واضح بين، أي: فلا له حجة عقلية ولا نقلية، إن هي إلا شبهات، يوحيها إليه الشيطان ﴿وَإِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ لَيُوحُونَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِمْ لِيُجَادِلُوكُمْ﴾ ومع هذا ﴿ثَانِيَ عِطْفِهِ﴾ أي: لاوي جانبه وعنقه، وهذا كناية عن كبره عن الحق، واحتقاره للخلق، فقد فرح بما معه من العلم غير النافع، واحتقر أهل الحق وما معهم من الحق، ﴿لِيُضِلَّ﴾ الناس، أي: ليكون من دعاة الضلال، ويدخل تحت هذا جميع أئمة الكفر والضلال، ثم ذكر عقوبتهم الدنيوية والأخروية فقال: ﴿لَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا خِزْيٌ﴾ أي: يفتضح هذا في الدنيا قبل الآخرة، وهذا من آيات الله العجيبة، فإنك لا تجد داعيا من دعاة الكفر والضلال، إلا وله من المقت بين العالمين، واللعنة، والبغض، والذم، ما هو حقيق به، وكل بحسب حاله. ﴿وَنُذِيقُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ﴾ أي: نذيقه حرها الشديد، وسعيرها البليغ، وذلك بما قدمت يداه، ﴿وَأَّن اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ﴾