Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (509)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(74–76) “Indeed, whoever comes to his Lord as a criminal will have Hell, wherein he will neither die nor live. But whoever comes to Him as a believer, having done righteous deeds—it is they who will have the highest ranks: Gardens of Eternity beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. That is the reward of whoever purifies himself.”

Allah Most High informs us that whoever comes before Him as a criminal—that is, characterized by criminality in every respect, which necessarily entails disbelief—and persists in that state until death, will have the Fire of Hell. Its punishment is severe, its shackles immense, its depths unfathomable, and its heat and bitter cold agonizing. Its torments melt ⦗510⦘ hearts and livers. Such is their severity that the one being punished there neither dies nor lives: he does not die and thereby find relief, nor does he live a life in which he experiences any pleasure. Rather, his life is filled with torment of the heart, soul, and body—torment whose magnitude cannot be comprehended and which is not lightened for even an hour. He cries for help but receives none, and he calls out but is given no answer.

Or rather, when he cries for help, he is given water like molten metal that scalds faces; and when he calls out, he is answered: “Remain despised therein, and do not speak to Me.”

But whoever comes to his Lord believing in Him, affirming His messengers, and following His revealed Books, “having done righteous deeds,” both obligatory and recommended, “it is they who will have the highest ranks”—that is, lofty dwellings, splendidly adorned chambers, unending delights, rivers flowing freely, everlasting residence, and immense joy amid blessings that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and that have never occurred to the human heart.

“That” reward “is the reward of whoever purifies himself”—that is, whoever purifies himself of polytheism, disbelief, wickedness, and disobedience, whether by never committing them at all or by repenting of those he did commit. He also purifies and develops his soul through faith and righteous deeds. For tazkiya has two meanings: cleansing and removing impurity, and growth through the acquisition of good. The prescribed alms are called zakāt because of these two meanings.

﴿٧٤ - ٧٦﴾ ﴿إِنَّهُ مَنْ يَأْتِ رَبَّهُ مُجْرِمًا فَإِنَّ لَهُ جَهَنَّمَ لا يَمُوتُ فِيهَا وَلا يَحْيَا * وَمَنْ يَأْتِهِ مُؤْمِنًا قَدْ عَمِلَ الصَّالِحَاتِ فَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الدَّرَجَاتُ الْعُلَى * جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الأنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ مَنْ تَزَكَّى﴾ . يخبر تعالى أن من أتاه، وقدم عليه مجرما -أي: وصفه الجرم من كل وجه، وذلك يستلزم الكفر- واستمر على ذلك حتى مات، فإن له نار جهنم، الشديد نكالها، العظيمة أغلالها، البعيد قعرها، الأليم حرها وقرها، التي فيها من العقاب ما يذيب ⦗٥١٠⦘ الأكباد والقلوب، ومن شدة ذلك أن المعذب فيها لا يموت ولا يحيا، لا يموت فيستريح، ولا يحيا حياة يتلذذ بها، وإنما حياته محشوة بعذاب القلب والروح والبدن، الذي لا يقدر قدره، ولا يفتر عنه ساعة، يستغيث فلا يغاث، ويدعو فلا يستجاب له. نعم إذا استغاث، أغيث بماء كالمهل يشوي الوجوه، وإذا دعا، أجيب بـ ﴿اخْسَئُوا فِيهَا وَلا تُكَلِّمُونِ﴾ . ومن يأت ربه مؤمنا به مصدقا لرسله، متبعا لكتبه ﴿قَدْ عَمِلَ الصَّالِحَاتِ﴾ الواجبة والمستحبة، ﴿فَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الدَّرَجَاتُ الْعُلا﴾ أي: المنازل العاليات، وفي الغرف المزخرفات، واللذات المتواصلات، والأنهار السارحات، والخلود الدائم، والسرور العظيم، فيما لا عين رأت، ولا أذن سمعت، ولا خطر على قلب بشر. ﴿وَذَلِكَ﴾ الثواب، ﴿جَزَاءُ مَنْ تَزَكَّى﴾ أي: تطهر من الشرك والكفر والفسوق والعصيان، إما أن لا يفعلها بالكلية، أو يتوب مما فعله منها، وزكى أيضا نفسه، ونماها بالإيمان والعمل الصالح، فإن للتزكية معنيين، التنقية، وإزالة الخبث، والزيادة بحصول الخير، وسميت الزكاة زكاة، لهذين الأمرين.