Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (487)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

(102) “Do those who disbelieve suppose that they may take My servants as protectors instead of Me? Indeed, We have prepared Hell as a lodging for the disbelievers.”

This provides proof and clarification of the falsity of the claim made by the disbelieving polytheists, who set up some prophets and allies of Allah as partners with Him and worshipped them, claiming that they would be their protectors, save them from Allah’s punishment, and secure His reward for them. Yet they have disbelieved in Allah and His messengers.

Allah addresses them with a rhetorical question and rebuke concerning a notion whose falsehood is firmly established by reason: “Do those who disbelieve suppose that they may take My servants as protectors instead of Me?” That can never be. An ally of Allah will never ally himself with anyone hostile to Allah, for Allah’s allies love what He loves and approves, and hate what provokes His wrath and hatred. On this interpretation, the verse resembles the words of Allah Most High: “And on the Day He gathers them all together, He will then ask the angels, ‘Was it you whom these people worshipped?’ * They will reply, ‘Glory be to You! You are our Protector, not them.’”

Anyone who claims to take an ally of Allah as his own ally while remaining hostile to Allah is therefore a liar. It may also mean—and this is the more apparent interpretation—: Do those who disbelieve in Allah and oppose His messengers suppose that they can take protectors besides Allah who will support and benefit them apart from Allah and ward harm away from them? This is a false notion and a corrupt supposition, for no created being possesses any power whatsoever to benefit or harm. This is like the words of Allah Most High: “Say, ‘Call upon those whom you claim besides Him. They have no power to remove affliction from you or transfer it elsewhere,’” and: “Those whom they invoke besides Him possess no power of intercession,” as well as other similar verses in which Allah states that whoever takes a protector besides Him, expecting that protector to support and stand by him, has gone astray, his hopes are doomed to disappointment, and he will not attain even part of what he seeks.

﴿١٠٢﴾ ﴿أَفَحَسِبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنْ يَتَّخِذُوا عِبَادِي مِنْ دُونِي أَوْلِيَاءَ إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ نُزُلا﴾ . وهذا برهان وبيان، لبطلان دعوى المشركين الكافرين، الذين اتخذوا بعض الأنبياء والأولياء، شركاء لله يعبدونهم، ويزعمون أنهم يكونون لهم أولياء، ينجونهم من عذاب الله، وينيلونهم ثوابه، وهم قد كفروا بالله وبرسله. يقول الله لهم على وجه الاستفهام والإنكار المتقرر بطلانه في العقول: ﴿أَفَحَسِبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنْ يَتَّخِذُوا عِبَادِي مِنْ دُونِي أَوْلِيَاءَ﴾ أي: لا يكون ذلك ولا يوالي ولي الله معاديا لله أبدا، فإن الأولياء موافقون لله في محبته ورضاه، وسخطه وبغضه، فيكون على هذا المعنى مشابها لقوله تعالى ﴿وَيَوْمَ يَحْشُرُهُمْ جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لِلْمَلائِكَةِ أَهَؤُلاءِ إِيَّاكُمْ كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَ * قَالُوا سُبْحَانَكَ أَنْتَ وَلِيُّنَا مِنْ دُونِهِمْ﴾ فمن زعم أنه يتخذ ولي الله وليا له وهو معاد لله فهو كاذب ويحتمل -وهو الظاهر- أن المعنى أفحسب الكفار بالله المنابذون لرسله أن يتخذوا من دون الله أولياء ينصرونهم وينفعونهم من دون الله ويدفعون عنهم الأذى؟ هذا حسبان باطل وظن فاسد فإن جميع المخلوقين ليس بيدهم من النفع والضر شيء ويكون هذا كقوله تعالى ﴿قُلِ ادْعُوا الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ فَلا يَمْلِكُونَ كَشْفَ الضُّرِّ عَنْكُمْ وَلا تَحْوِيلا﴾ ﴿وَلا يَمْلِكُ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ الشَّفَاعَةَ﴾ ونحو ذلك من الآيات التي يذكر الله فيها أن المتخذ من دونه وليا ينصره ويواليه ضال خائب الرجاء غير نائل لبعض مقصوده