Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (464)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

“They nearly compelled you to leave the land, seeking to expel you from it. Then they would have remained after you only a little while. Such was Our established way with the messengers We sent before you, and you will find no change in Our way.”

“They nearly compelled you to leave the land, seeking to expel you from it.” Because they hated your dwelling in their midst, they nearly expelled you from the land and banished you from it.

Had they done so, they would have remained there after you only a little while before punishment befell them. This is Allah’s unchanging and unalterable way with all nations: whenever a nation denied its messenger and expelled him, Allah swiftly punished it.

When the disbelievers plotted against him and expelled him, it was not long before Allah struck them at Badr, killed their chiefs, and shattered their collective power. All praise belongs to Him.

These verses show how desperately the servant needs Allah to make him firm. He should continually beseech his Lord to keep him firm in faith while pursuing every means that leads to it. For although the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—was the most perfect of creation, Allah said to him: “Had We not made you firm, you might have inclined toward them a little.” What, then, of anyone else?

They also show that Allah reminded His Messenger of His favor to him and of His protection from evil. This indicates that Allah loves His servants to take notice of His favors to them when causes of evil arise—how He protects them from it and keeps them firm in faith.

They also show that, in proportion to the servant’s exalted rank and the profusion of Allah’s blessings upon him, his sin becomes graver and his offense is multiplied if he does something blameworthy. For Allah said of His Messenger, were he to have done so—though far be it from him: “In that case, We would have made you taste double the punishment in this life and double after death. Then you would have found no helper against Us.”

They also show that when Allah wills to destroy a nation, its guilt multiplies and becomes increasingly grave, so that Allah’s word against it becomes due and He inflicts punishment upon it. Such is His established way with nations when they expel their messenger.

﴿وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَسْتَفِزُّونَكَ مِنَ الأرْضِ لِيُخْرِجُوكَ مِنْهَا وَإِذًا لا يَلْبَثُونَ خِلافَكَ إِلا قَلِيلا * سُنَّةَ مَنْ قَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ مِنْ رُسُلِنَا وَلا تَجِدُ لِسُنَّتِنَا تَحْوِيلا﴾ . ﴿وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَسْتَفِزُّونَكَ مِنَ الأرْضِ لِيُخْرِجُوكَ مِنْهَا﴾ أي: من بغضهم لمقامك بين أظهرهم، قد كادوا أن يخرجوك من الأرض، ويجلوك منها. ولو فعلوا ذلك، لم يلبثوا بعدك فيها إلا قليلا حتى تحل بهم العقوبة، كما هي سنة الله التي لا تحول ولا تبدل في جميع الأمم، كل أمة كذبت رسولها وأخرجته، عاجلها الله بالعقوبة. ولما مكر به الذين كفروا وأخرجوه، لم يلبثوا إلا قليلا حتى أوقع الله بهم بـ " بدر " وقتل صناديدهم، وفض بيضتهم، فله الحمد. وفي هذه الآيات، دليل على شدة افتقار العبد إلى تثبيت الله إياه، وأنه ينبغي له أن لا يزال متملقًا لربه، أن يثبته على الإيمان، ساعيا في كل سبب موصل إلى ذلك لأن النبي ﷺ وهو أكمل الخلق، قال الله له: ﴿وَلَوْلا أَنْ ثَبَّتْنَاكَ لَقَدْ كِدْتَ تَرْكَنُ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا قَلِيلا﴾ فكيف بغيره؟ " وفيها تذكير الله لرسوله منته عليه، وعصمته من الشر، فدل ذلك على أن الله يحب من عباده أن يتفطنوا لإنعامه عليهم -عند وجود أسباب الشر - بالعصمة منه، والثبات على الإيمان. وفيها: أنه بحسب علو مرتبة العبد، وتواتر النعم عليه من الله يعظم إثمه، ويتضاعف جرمه، إذا فعل ما يلام عليه، لأن الله ذكر رسوله لو فعل - وحاشاه من ذلك - بقوله: ﴿إِذًا لأذَقْنَاكَ ضِعْفَ الْحَيَاةِ وَضِعْفَ الْمَمَاتِ ثُمَّ لا تَجِدُ لَكَ عَلَيْنَا نَصِيرًا﴾ وفيها: أن الله إذا أراد إهلاك أمة، تضاعف جرمها، وعظم وكبر، فيحق عليها القول من الله فيوقع بها العقاب، كما هي سنته في الأمم إذا أخرجوا رسولهم.