Tafsir al-Sadi - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (463)

Tafsir al-SadiAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

and that the people of goodness will be given their records in their right hands and will experience immense joy and delight, whereas the people of evil will experience the opposite, for they will be unable to read their records because of their overwhelming anguish, sorrow, and despair.

⦗464⦘

(73–77) “They nearly tempted you away from what We revealed to you, so that you might fabricate something else against Us; then they would have taken you as an intimate friend. Had We not made you firm, you might have inclined toward them a little. In that case, We would have made you taste double the punishment in this life and double after death. Then you would have found no helper against Us.”

Allah Most High mentions His favor to His Messenger Muhammad—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and how He protected him from his enemies, who were intent on tempting him by every possible means. He says: “They nearly tempted you away from what We revealed to you, so that you might fabricate against Us”—that is, they devised a scheme against you that they failed to accomplish and employed stratagems to induce you to fabricate against Allah something other than what We revealed to you, bringing forth something that agreed with their desires and abandoning what Allah had revealed to you.

“Then”—had you done what they desired—“they would have taken you as an intimate friend,” meaning a beloved and chosen companion, dearer to them than their own loved ones, because Allah endowed you with noble character and refined manners that endear one to those near and far, friend and foe alike.

But you should know that they opposed you and openly displayed hostility toward you only because of the truth you brought, not because of you personally. As Allah Most High says: “We certainly know that what they say grieves you. It is not you whom they deny; rather, it is Allah’s signs that the wrongdoers reject.”

Yet despite this, “had We not made you firm” upon the truth and bestowed Our favor upon you by keeping you from responding to their enticements, “you might have inclined toward them a little,” because of their persistent efforts and your desire for their guidance.

“In that case”—had you inclined toward them by doing what they desired—“We would have made you taste double the punishment in this life and double after death.” That is, We would have afflicted you with multiplied punishment in this world and the Hereafter, because Allah’s favor upon you and your knowledge were complete.

“Then you would have found no helper against Us” to save you from the punishment that befell you. But Allah Most High protected you from the causes of evil and from people, made you firm, and guided you to the straight path. You did not incline toward them in any respect whatsoever. Thus, His favor upon you is complete and His gift most abundant.

وأن أهل الخير، يعطون كتبهم بأيمانهم، ويحصل لهم من الفرح والسرور شيء عظيم، وأن أهل الشر بعكس ذلك، لأنهم لا يقدرون على قراءة كتبهم، من شدة غمهم وحزنهم وثبورهم. ⦗٤٦٤⦘ ﴿٧٣-٧٧﴾ ﴿وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَفْتِنُونَكَ عَنِ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ لِتَفْتَرِيَ عَلَيْنَا غَيْرَهُ وَإِذًا لاتَّخَذُوكَ خَلِيلا * وَلَوْلا أَنْ ثَبَّتْنَاكَ لَقَدْ كِدْتَ تَرْكَنُ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا قَلِيلا * إِذًا لأذَقْنَاكَ ضِعْفَ الْحَيَاةِ وَضِعْفَ الْمَمَاتِ ثُمَّ لا تَجِدُ لَكَ عَلَيْنَا نَصِيرًا﴾ . يذكر تعالى منته على رسوله محمد ﷺ وحفظه له من أعدائه الحريصين على فتنته بكل طريق، فقال: ﴿وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَفْتِنُونَكَ عَنِ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ لِتَفْتَرِيَ عَلَيْنَا﴾ أي: قد كادوا لك أمرًا لم يدركوه، وتحيلوا لك، على أن تفتري على الله غير الذي أنزلنا إليك، فتجيء بما يوافق أهواءهم، وتدع ما أنزل الله إليك. ﴿وَإِذَا﴾ لو فعلت ما يهوون ﴿لاتَّخَذُوكَ خَلِيلا﴾ أي حبيبًا صفيًا، أعز عليهم من أحبابهم، لما جبلك الله عليه من مكارم الأخلاق، ومحاسن الآداب، المحببة للقريب والبعيد، والصديق والعدو. ولكن لتعلم أنهم لم يعادوك وينابذوك العداوة، إلا للحق الذي جئت به لا لذاتك، كما قال الله تعالى ﴿قَدْ نَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ لَيَحْزُنُكَ الَّذِي يَقُولُونَ فَإِنَّهُمْ لا يُكَذِّبُونَكَ وَلَكِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ يَجْحَدُونَ﴾ ﴿وَ﴾ مع هذا فـ ﴿لَوْلا أَنْ ثَبَّتْنَاكَ﴾ على الحق، وامتننا عليك بعدم الإجابة لداعيهم، ﴿لَقَدْ كِدْتَ تَرْكَنُ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا قَلِيلا﴾ من كثرة المعالجة، ومحبتك لهدايتهم. ﴿إذًا﴾ لو ركنت إليهم بما يهوون ﴿لأذقناك ضعف الحياة وضعف الممات﴾ أي لأصبناك بعذاب مضاعف، في الحياة الدنيا والآخرة، وذلك لكمال نعمة الله عليك، وكمال معرفتك. ﴿ثُمَّ لا تَجِدُ لَكَ عَلَيْنَا نَصِيرًا﴾ ينقذك مما يحل بك من العذاب، ولكن الله تعالى عصمك من أسباب الشر، ومن البشر فثبتك وهداك الصراط المستقيم، ولم تركن إليهم بوجه من الوجوه، فله عليك أتم نعمة وأبلغ منحة.