On the Branches of the Tree of Faith
Know, O Sultan, that whatever knowledge and conviction resides in a person’s heart is the root of faith, while whatever manifests upon his seven limbs in acts of obedience and justice is the branch of faith. If the branch withers, it signals weakness in the root, for it will not stand firm at the moment of death; bodily deeds are the visible title of the heart’s faith.
The deeds that form the branches of faith are twofold: shunning the forbidden and fulfilling the obligatory. These, in turn, are of two kinds. The first is between you and God Most High—such as fasting, prayer, pilgrimage, almsgiving, refraining from drinking intoxicants, and keeping chaste from the unlawful.
The second is between you and creation: acting justly toward your subjects and refraining from oppression.
The guiding principle is that, in your dealings with the Creator—Exalted is He—you obey His commands and heed His prohibitions in the very way you would wish your own servants to behave toward you; and that, in your dealings with people, you do for them what you would wish them to do for you were another the ruler and you one of the ruled.
Be aware that, for matters between you and the Creator, His pardon is near; but wrongs involving other people will never be overlooked on the Day of Resurrection. The peril is grave, and none of the kings will escape it save the one who practiced justice and fairness here, so that he will know how to seek justice and fairness on that Day.
The foundations of justice and fairness are ten.
The first foundation is that you must foremost recognize the value of governance and understand its peril.
Governance is a blessing from the blessings of God. Whoever upholds its rights attains a happiness beyond which there is no further happiness; whoever falls short of its due is plunged into a misery surpassed only by disbelief in God Most High. The evidence of its supreme rank and formidable danger is what has been narrated from the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said—