Rafʿ al-Malām - Ibn Taimiya - (11)

Yet for all that, when Abu Bakr al-Ṣiddīq was asked about the grandmother’s share of inheritance, he said, “Nothing has been allotted to you in the Book of Allah, and I know of nothing for you in the sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; nonetheless, ask the people.” So he questioned them, whereupon al-Mughīra ibn Shuʿba and Muḥammad ibn Maslama stood up and testified that the Prophet ﷺ had granted her one-sixth (1). ʿImrān ibn Ḥuṣayn also transmitted this same sunnah.

These three men are certainly not on the level of Abu Bakr and the other caliphs, yet they were singled out with knowledge of this sunnah, and the entire ummah has acted upon it unanimously.

Likewise, ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb did not know the sunnah of seeking permission to enter until Abu Mūsā al-Ashʿarī informed him of it and called upon the Anṣār to bear witness (2). And ʿUmar was more knowledgeable than the one who narrated that sunnah to him.

Nor was ʿUmar aware that a woman inherits from her husband’s blood-money; rather, he held the view that the blood-money belongs to the ʿāqila—until

(1) Reported by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi as a mursal narration from Qabisah ibn Dhuayb; further mursal chains exist, including the report of Imran ibn Husayn. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari from Abu Saʿid al-Khudri. See Ibn Hajar, Fath al-Bari, 11:43.

ثُمَّ إنه -مَعَ ذَلِكَ- لَمَّا سُئِلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁ عَنْ مِيرَاثِ الْجَدَّةِ قَالَ: ﴿مَالَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ, وَمَا عَلِمْت لَكِ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ شَيْءٍ, وَلَكِنْ اسْأَلْ النَّاسَ﴾ فَسَأَلَهُمْ. فَقَامَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مسلمة ﵄ فَشَهِدَا ﴿أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْطَاهَا السُّدُسَ﴾ (١) وَقَدْ بَلَّغَ هَذِهِ السُّنَّةَ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ ﵁ أَيْضًا. وَلَيْسَ هَؤُلَاءِ الثَّلَاثَةُ مِثْلَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ الْخُلَفَاءِ ﵃ ثُمَّ قَدْ اخْتَصُّوا بِعِلْمِ هَذِهِ السُّنَّةِ الَّتِي قَدْ اتَّفَقَتْ الْأُمَّةُ عَلَى الْعَمَلِ بِهَا. وَكَذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ﵁ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْلَمُ سُنَّةَ الِاسْتِئْذَانِ حَتَّى أَخْبَرَهُ بِهَا أَبُو مُوسَى الأَشْعريُّ ﵁ وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِالْأَنْصَارِ (٢) . وَعُمَرُ أَعْلَمُ مِمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ بِهَذِهِ السُّنَّةِ. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عُمَرُ ﵁ أَيْضًا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ تَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا, بَلْ يَرَى: أَنَّ الدِّيَةَ لِلْعَاقِلَةِ, حَتَّى

(١) رواه أبو داود، والترمذي، من حديث قبيصة بن ذؤيب مرسلاً، وله طرق مرسلة، منها حديث عمران بن حصين. (٢) رواه البخاري عن أبي سعيد الخدري ﵁. انظر "فتح الباري" (١١ \ ٤٣) .