Rafʿ al-Malām - Ibn Taimiya - (77)

Rafʿ al-MalāmIbn Taimiya

—saying: “Indeed, those who are given to reviling and cursing will not, on the Day of Resurrection, be intercessors or witnesses.”

Abū Hurayrah—may Allah be pleased with him—reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “It is not fitting for a ṣiddīq (a sincere, upright believer) to be a curser.” Both reports are recorded by Muslim.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd—may Allah be pleased with him—stated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “A believer is not a slanderer, nor a curser, nor obscene, nor foul-mouthed.” Al-Tirmidhī relates it and graded it “ḥasan.” (2)

Another narration reads, “No man curses anything that is not deserving of a curse except that the curse rebounds upon him.” (2)

Such stern warnings about cursing have led some to say that whoever curses one who is undeserving becomes himself the accursed; that this kind of cursing is outright wickedness, stripping a person of the rank of the truthful and of the privilege of intercession and testimony. It therefore applies to anyone who curses one who is not deserving.

Accordingly, if the person who commits the disputed act is not covered by the text, then he is not worthy of a curse, and whoever curses him subjects himself to this very threat, and thus he becomes

(1) Reported by Ahmad, al-Bukhari in al-Adab al-Mufrad, Ibn Hibban, and al-Hakim. (2) The expression harat ‑alayhi means that the curse turns back and returns to the one who uttered it. The hadith is related by Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, and Ibn Hibban in his Sahih from Ibn Abbas, with the wording: “A man once cursed the wind in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: ‘Do not curse the wind, for it is acting under command. Whoever curses something that is not deserving of a curse, the curse will come back upon him.’”

صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: ﴿إنَّ الطَّعَّانِينَ وَاللَّعَّانِينَ لَا يَكُونُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُفَعَاءَ وَلَا شُهَدَاءَ﴾ . وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: ﴿لَا يَنْبَغِي لِصَدِيقِ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَعَّانًا﴾ رَوَاهُمَا مُسْلِمٌ. وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ﴿لَيْسَ الْمُؤْمِنُ بِالطَّعَّانِ، وَلَا اللَّعَّانِ, وَلَا الْفَاحِشِ وَلَا الْبَذِيءِ﴾ رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَقَالَ: حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ (٢) . وَفِي أَثَرٍ آخَرَ: ﴿مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَلْعَنُ شَيْئًا لَيْسَ لَهُ بِأَهْلِ, إلَّا حَارَتْ اللَّعْنَةُ عَلَيْهِ﴾ (٢) . فَهَذَا الْوَعِيدُ الَّذِي قَدْ جَاءَ فِي اللَّعْنِ حَتَّى قِيلَ: إنَّ مَنْ لَعَنَ مَنْ لَيْسَ بِأَهْلِ, كَانَ هُوَ الْمَلْعُونَ وَإِنَّ هَذَا اللَّعْنَ فُسُوقٌ؛ وَأَنَّهُ مُخْرِجٌ عَنْ الصديقية وَالشَّفَاعَةِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ, يَتَنَاوَلُ مَنْ لَعَنَ مَنْ لَيْسَ بِأَهْلِ. فَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فَاعِلُ الْمُخْتَلَفِ فِيهِ دَاخِلًا فِي النَّصِّ؛ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلًا. فَيَكُونُ لَاعِنُهُ مُسْتَوْجِبًا لِهَذَا الْوَعِيدِ, فَيَكُونُ

(١) ورواه أحمد، والبخاري في "الأدب المفرد" وابن حبان، والحاكم. (٢) حارت عليه: يعني رجعت وعادت إليه، والحديث رواه أبو داود، والترمذي وابن حبان في "صحيحه" عن ابن عباس ﵄, ولفظه: (أن رجلاً لعن الريح عند رسول الله ﷺ، فقال: لا تلعن الريح فإنها مأمورة، من لعن شيئاً ليس له بأهل رجعت اللعنة عليه) .