Rafʿ al-MalāmIbn Taimiya

They said, “ʿĀʾishah, Allah be pleased with her, mentioned the threat because she herself was certain of it. We accept her report for declaring the act unlawful, even though we do not affirm that particular threat, for in our estimation the hadith rests only on a solitary transmission.

The argument of this group is that a threat of punishment belongs to the realm of doctrinal knowledge and therefore cannot be established except by evidence that yields certainty. They further contend that when a person performs an act after exercising ijtihād regarding its ruling, the threatened punishment does not apply to him.”

She said: “I performed Hajj with Umm Muhibba. In another version: I set out with Umm Muhibba, and we entered upon Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, and greeted her with salam. She asked, ‘Who are you?’ We replied, ‘We are from the people of Kufa.’ She then seemed to turn away from us. Umm Muhibba said, ‘O Mother of the Believers, I had a slave-girl whom I sold to Zayd ibn Arqam al-Ansari for eight hundred dirhams on deferred payment. Now he wishes to resell her, so I have bought her back from him for six hundred dirhams in cash.’ Aisha replied, ‘What an evil sale and what an evil purchase! Tell Zayd that his jihad with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is void unless he repents.’ Shaykh Shams al-Haqq al-Azimabadi said in his commentary on Sunan al-Darqutni: This report is also transmitted by al-Bayhaqi and Abd al-Razzaq. Umm Muhibba—with a damma on the first mim and a kasra on the ha—is so vocalized by al-Darqutni in his book al-Mu’talif wa-l-Mukhtalif. She is a woman who narrates from Aisha. Abu Ishaq al-Sabi‘i related her hadith from his wife al-‘Aliya, and it was likewise narrated by Yunus ibn Ishaq from Umm al-‘Aliya bint Anfa‘, from Umm Muhibba, from Aisha. He (al-Darqutni) said: ‘Umm Muhibba and al-‘Aliya are both unknown; their reports are not valid as proof.’ Ahmad recorded it in his Musnad: ‘Muhammad ibn Ja‘far related to us, Shu‘ba related to us, from Abu Ishaq al-Sabi‘i, from his wife.’ Al-San‘ani said in al-Tanquih: ‘Its chain is sound, even if al-Shafi‘i does not confirm this wording from Aisha.’ Likewise al-Darqutni said about al-‘Aliya: ‘She is unknown and her narration is not evidence’—yet this is debatable, for others disagreed with him. Had the Mother of the Believers not possessed knowledge from the Messenger of Allah that this transaction is forbidden, she would never have ventured to pronounce such a judgement. Ibn al-Jawzi said: ‘They allege that al-‘Aliya is unknown and her report is not accepted; we respond that she is in fact a well-known woman of high rank.’ Ibn Sa‘d mentioned her in al-Tabaqat, saying: ‘Al-‘Aliya bint Anfa‘ ibn Sharahil, the wife of Abu Ishaq al-Sabi‘i, heard (hadith) from Aisha.’
قَالُوا: فَعَائِشَةُ ﵂ ذَكَرَتِ الْوَعِيدَ لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ عَالِمَةً بِهِ, وَنَحْنُ نَعْمَلُ بِخَبَرِهَا فِي التَّحْرِيمِ وَإِنْ كُنَّا لَا نَقُولُ بِهَذَا الْوَعِيدِ, لِأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ إنَّمَا ثَبَتَ عِنْدَنَا بِخَبَرِ وَاحِدٍ. وَحُجَّةُ هَؤُلَاءِ أَنَّ الْوَعِيدَ مِنْ الْأُمُورِ الْعِلْمِيَّةِ؛ فَلَا يََثْبُتُ إلَّا بِمَا يُفِيدُ الْعِلْمَ. وَأَيْضًا فَإِنَّ الْفِعْلَ إذَا كَانَ مُجْتَهِدًا فِي حُكْمِهِ لَمْ يَلْحَقْ فَاعِلَهُ الْوَعِيدُ.
= قالت: حججت أنا وأم محبة. وفي رواية: خرجت أنا وأم محبة، فدخلنا على عائشة ﵂، فسلمنا عليها. فقالت: من أنتن؟ قلنا: من أهل الكوفة. قالت: فكأنها أعرضت عنها. فقالت أم محبة: يا أم المؤمنين كانت لي جارة وإني بعتها من زيد بن أرقم الأنصاري بثمانمائة درهم إلى عطائه، وإنه أراد بيعها، فابتعتها منه بستمائة درهم نقداً. فقالت لها عائشة ﵂: بئسما اشتريت وبئسما شريت، أخبري زيداً أن جهاده مع رسول الله ﷺ قد بطل إلا أن يتوب. قال الشيخ شمس الحق العظيم أبادي في تعليقه على "سنن الدارقطني": وأخرجه البيهقي وعبد الرزاق أيضاً. وأم مُحِبة -بضم الميم وكسر الحاء المهملة، كذا ضبطه الدارقطني في كتاب "المؤتلف والمختلف" وقال: إنها امرأة تروي عن عائشة ﵂، روى حديثها أبو إسحاق السبيعي عن امرأته العالية, ورواه أيضاً يونس بن إسحاق عن أم العالية بنت أنفع, عن أم محبة عن عائشة ﵂، وقال: أم محبة والعالية مجهولتان لا يحتج بهما. وأخرجه أحمد في "مسنده" حدثنا محمد بن جعفر، حدثنا شعبة، عن أبي إسحاق السبيعي عن امرأته. قال في "التنقيح" إسناده جيد، وإن كان الشافعي لا يثبت مثله عن عائشة، وكذلك الدارقطني قال في العالية: هي مجهولة لا يحتج بها، وفيه نظر. فقد خالفه غيره, ولولا أن عند أم المؤمنين علماً من رسول الله ﷺ أن هذا حرام, لم تستجز أن تقوله. وقال ابن الجوزي: قالوا: العالية مجهولة لا يحتج بها, ولا يقبل خبرها، قلنا: بل هي امرأة معروفة جليلة القدر, ذكرها ابن سعد في "الطبقات" فقال: العالية بنت أنفع بن شراحيل امرأة أبي إسحاق السبيعي سمعت من عائشة.

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