Rafʿ al-MalāmIbn Taimiya

And at still other times the indication drawn from the very wording is too subtle to be noticed. Indeed, the avenues by which speech conveys meaning are extremely broad, and people differ in their ability to perceive them; their understanding of the facets of language is in proportion to the favors and gifts Allah, exalted be He, bestows upon them.

A person may grasp the statement in its broad, general sense yet fail to realize that this particular meaning is included under that generality. He may notice it on one occasion and then forget it later on. This is a vast field that none but Allah can fully encompass.

A man may also err by deriving from the wording a meaning the Arabic language—the very language in which the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) was sent—cannot bear.

Reason Seven:
He assumes that the hadith contains no relevant indication at all. The difference between this and the previous cause is that, in the earlier case, he did not perceive the line of inference, whereas here he does perceive it but considers it unsound because certain legal principles of his compel him to reject it, whether that judgment is actually correct or mistaken. Examples include his believing that a general text once qualified is no longer authoritative; or that an implied meaning (mafhum) carries no weight; or that a general statement revealed in connection with a specific incident is confined to that incident; or that a bare command does not entail obligation—or does not require immediate execution; or that a noun made definite by the article al- conveys no universality; or

وَتَارَةً لِكَوْنِ الدَّلَالَةِ مِنْ النَّصِّ خَفِيَّةً. فَإِنَّ جِهَاتِ دَلَالَاتِ الْأَقْوَالِ مُتَّسِعَةٌ جِدًّا يَتَفَاوَتُ النَّاسُ فِي إدْرَاكِهَا, وَفَهْمِ وُجُوهِ الْكَلَامِ بِحَسَبِ مِنَحِ الْحَقِّ سُبْحَانَهُ وَمَوَاهِبِهِ, ثُمَّ قَدْ يَعْرِفُهَا الرَّجُلُ مِنْ حَيْثُ الْعُمُومُ, وَلَا يَتَفَطَّنُ لِكَوْنِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى دَاخِلًا فِي ذَلِكَ الْعَامِّ. ثُمَّ قَدْ يَتَفَطَّنُ لَهُ تَارَةً ثُمَّ يَنْسَاهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. وَهَذَا بَابٌ وَاسِعٌ جِدًّا لَا يُحِيطُ بِهِ إلَّا اللَّهُ. وَقَدْ يَغْلَطُ الرَّجُلُ, فَيَفْهَمُ مِنْ الْكَلَامِ مَا لَا تَحْتَمِلُهُ اللُّغَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ الَّتِي بُعِثَ الرَّسُولُ ﷺ بِهَا. السَّبَبُ السَّابِعُ: اعْتِقَادُهُ أَنْ لَا دَلَالَةَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ. وَالْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ هَذَا وَبَيْنَ الَّذِي قَبْلَهُ, أَنَّ الْأَوَّلَ لَمْ يَعْرِفْ جِهَةَ الدَّلَالَةِ. وَالثَّانِي عَرَفَ جِهَةَ الدَّلَالَةِ, لَكِنْ اعْتَقَدَ أَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ دَلَالَةً صَحِيحَةً, بِأَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ مِنْ الْأُصُولِ مَا يَرُدُّ تِلْكَ الدَّلَالَةَ, سَوَاءٌ كَانَتْ فِي نَفْسِ الْأَمْرِ صَوَابًا أَوْ خَطَأً, مِثْلَ أَنْ يَعْتَقِدَ أَنَّ الْعَامَّ الْمَخْصُوصَ لَيْسَ بِحُجَّةٍ. أو أَنَّ الْمَفْهُومَ لَيْسَ بِحُجَّةِ, أو أَنَّ الْعُمُومَ الْوَارِدَ عَلَى سَبَبٍ مَقْصُورٍ عَلَى سَبَبِهِ, أَوْ أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ الْمُجَرَّدَ لَا يَقْتَضِي الْوُجُوبَ؛ أَوْ لَا يَقْتَضِي الْفَوْرَ, أَوْ أَنَّ الْمُعَرَّفَ بِاللَّامِ لَا عُمُومَ لَهُ, أَوْ

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