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his own language, on the assumption that words retain their original sense. Thus, some people came across reports granting a dispensation concerning nabidh (a fruit infusion) and imagined it to be a kind of intoxicant, for that is what the word signifies in their dialect; yet in reality it denotes water in which dates or raisins are soaked merely to sweeten it before it ferments—something that is explicitly clarified in many sound hadiths.
Likewise, when they heard the term khamr (wine) in the Quran and the Sunnah, they assumed it referred exclusively to fermented grape juice, because that is its meaning in their language, even though authentic hadiths have shown that khamr is a name for every intoxicating beverage (1).
It was judged authentic by al-Hakim but declared weak by al-Dhahabi. The term al-ighlaq (literally “shutting”) here means coercion; this explanation is transmitted from Abu Qutaybah, al-Khattabi and others. Abu Ubaydah interpreted al-ighlaq as “constraint.” On the basis of this hadith, a number of scholars hold that a divorce pronounced under duress is invalid, while others deem it effective. Ibn al-Qayyim relates that his teacher (Ibn Taymiyyah) defined al-ighlaq as the blocking of awareness and intent; this covers the divorce issued by the feeble-minded, the insane, the drunk, or an enraged person who no longer understands his words, because in all these cases the door of knowledge and deliberate will is closed, and divorce is valid only when uttered knowingly and intentionally. Allah knows best. Abu Dawud commented: I think al-ighlaq here refers to anger.
(1) In the two Sahih collections it is reported from Umar b. al-Khattab that, while preaching from the Prophet’s pulpit, he said: “People, the prohibition of khamr (intoxicant) has been revealed; it can be made from five sources—grapes, dates, honey, wheat and barley—and khamr is whatever clouds the mind.” Al-Bukhari also narrates from Abd Allah b. Umar that when the ban on khamr was revealed there were five kinds of drink in Madina that day, none of them grape-based.
In another hadith recorded by both al-Bukhari and Muslim, Anas reports: “Khamr was forbidden, and at that time it was produced from unripe dates (busr) and dried dates (tamr).” In a variant wording he says: “Khamr was prohibited outright; grape wine was virtually unavailable, and almost all our khamr came from busr and tamr” (al-Bukhari). Another version reads: “When Allah revealed the verse that prohibited khamr, there was no drink in Madina except that made from dates” (Muslim).
لُغَتِهِ, بِنَاءً عَلَى أَنَّ الْأَصْلَ بَقَاءُ اللُّغَةِ.
كمَا سَمِعَ بَعْضُهُمْ آثَارًا فِي الرُّخْصَةِ فِي "النَّبِيذِ" فَظَنُّوهُ بَعْضَ أَنْوَاعِ الْمُسْكِرِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لُغَتُهُمْ, وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مَا يُنْبَذُ لِتَحْلِيَةِ الْمَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَدَّ؛ فَإِنَّهُ جَاءَ مُفَسَّرًا فِي أَحَادِيثَ كَثِيرَةٍ صَحِيحَةٍ.
وَسَمِعُوا لَفْظَ "الْخَمْرِ" فِي الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ, فَاعْتَقَدُوهُ عَصِيرَ الْعِنَبِ الْمُشْتَدِّ خَاصَّةً, بِنَاءً عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَذَلِكَ فِي اللُّغَةِ, وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ جَاءَ مِنْ الْأَحَادِيثِ أَحَادِيثُ صَحِيحَةٌ تُبَيِّنُ أَنَّ "الْخَمْرَ" اسْمٌ لِكُلِّ شَرَابٍ مُسْكِرٍ (١) .
= وصححه الحاكم وضعفه الذهبي ومعنى الإغلاق: الإكراه، روي ذلك عن أبي قتيبة والخطابي وغيرهما. وقال أبو عبيدة: الإغلاق: التضييق. واستدل بهذا الحديث من قال: إنه لا يصح طلاق المكره، وبه قال جماعة من أهل العلم. وقال آخرون بوقوعه. وقال ابن القيم: قال شيخنا: الإغلاق: انسداد باب العلم والقصد عليه، فدخل فيه طلاق المعتوه والمجنون والسكران والغضبان الذي لا يعقل ما يقول. لأن كلاً من هؤلاء أغلق عليه باب العلم والقصد، والطلاق إنما يقع من قاصد له عالم به، والله أعلم. وقال أبو داود: الإغلاق أظنه الغضب.
(١) في "الصحيحين" عن عمر بن الخطاب ﵁ أنه قال في خطبته على منبر رسول الله ﷺ: أيها الناس إنه نزل تحريم الخمر وهي من خمسة، العنب، والتمر، والعسل، والحنطة، والشعير، والخمر ما خامر العقل. وروى البخاري عن عبد الله بن عمر بن الخطاب ﵄ قال: نزل تحريم الخمر، وإن بالمدينة يومئذ لخمسة أشربة، ما فيها شراب العنب.
وفي "الصحيحين" من حديث أنس ﵁ قال: (إن الخمر حرمت والخمرُ يومئذ البسر والتمر) . وفي لفظ قال: حرمت الخمر عينا حين حرمت، وما نجد خمر الأعناب قليلاً، وعامة خمرنا البسر والتمر. رواه البخاري. وفي لفظ: لقد أنزل الله الآية التي حرم فيها الخمر، وما في المدينة شراب إلا من تمر. رواه مسلم. =