Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/206)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

of knowledge and wisdom; that is, We gave him the Book in addition to that.

It was also said that its meaning is: as a completion from Me of My gracious favour to Moses.

“And as an explanation of everything” needed from the laws of religion, “and as guidance and mercy”—this describes the Torah—“so that they might believe in the meeting with their Lord.” Ibn ‘Abbas said: So that they may believe in the resurrection and affirm the reward and punishment.

“And this is a blessed Book which We have sent down, so follow it and be mindful of Allah, that you may receive mercy. Lest you say, ‘The Book was only sent down to two groups before us, and we were indeed unaware of their study.’ Or lest you say, ‘If only the Book had been sent down to us, we would have been better guided than they.’ But clear proof has come to you from your Lord, along with guidance and mercy. So who is more unjust than one who denies the signs of Allah and turns away from them? We shall recompense those who turn away from Our signs with the severity of punishment because they used to turn away.” (155–157)

“And this” means the Quran: “a blessed Book which We have sent down, so follow it”—and act upon what it contains—“and be mindful of Allah”—that is, obey Him—“that you may receive mercy.”

“Lest you say” means: so that you do not say, as in His saying: “Allah makes clear to you, lest you go astray” (An-Nisa, 176); that is, lest you go astray. It was also said that its meaning is: We sent it down out of dislike that you should say. Al-Kisa’i said: Its meaning is: Be mindful lest you say, O people of Mecca, “The Book was only sent down to two groups before us,” meaning the Jews and Christians, “and we were indeed”—that is, we had indeed been—“unaware of their study,” meaning their reading; we did not know what it was. Its meaning is: We sent down the Quran to you so that you would not say, “The Book was sent down to those before us in their own tongue and language, so we did not know what it contained and were unaware of studying it,” thereby making this an excuse for yourselves.

“Or lest you say, ‘If only the Book had been sent down to us, we would have been better guided than they.’” A group of disbelievers had said this: “If what was sent down to the Jews and Christians had been sent down to us, we would have been better than they.” Allah Most High said: “But clear proof has come to you from your Lord”: a clear proof in a language that you understand; “and guidance”: an explanation; “and mercy”: a blessing for whoever follows it. “So who is more unjust than one who denies the signs of Allah and turns away from them?”—that is, turns aside. “We shall recompense those who turn away from Our signs with the severity of punishment”—that is, the intensity of punishment—“because they used to turn away”—that is, turn aside. (1)

(1) Omitted from manuscript B.

مِنَ الْعِلْمِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ، أَيْ آتَيْنَاهُ الْكِتَابُ زِيَادَةً عَلَى ذَلِكَ. وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ تَمَامًا مِنِّي عَلَى إِحْسَانِي إِلَى مُوسَى. ﴿وَتَفْصِيلًا﴾ بَيَانًا ﴿لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ﴾ يُحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ شَرَائِعِ الدِّينِ، ﴿وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً﴾ هَذَا فِي صِفَةِ التَّوْرَاةِ، ﴿لَعَلَّهُمْ بِلِقَاءِ رَبِّهِمْ يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كَيْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِالْبَعْثِ وَيُصَدِّقُوا بِالثَّوَابِ وَالْعِقَابِ. ﴿وَهَذَا كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ فَاتَّبِعُوهُ وَاتَّقُوا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ (١٥٥) أَنْ تَقُولُوا إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى طَائِفَتَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا وَإِنْ كُنَّا عَنْ دِرَاسَتِهِمْ لَغَافِلِينَ (١٥٦) أَوْ تَقُولُوا لَوْ أَنَّا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا الْكِتَابُ لَكُنَّا أَهْدَى مِنْهُمْ فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ كَذَّبَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَصَدَفَ عَنْهَا سَنَجْزِي الَّذِينَ يَصْدِفُونَ عَنْ آيَاتِنَا سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَصْدِفُونَ (١٥٧) ﴾ ﴿وَهَذَا﴾ يَعْنِي: الْقُرْآنَ، ﴿كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ فَاتَّبِعُوهُ﴾ وَاعْمَلُوا بِمَا فِيهِ، ﴿وَاتَّقُوا﴾ وَأَطِيعُوا، ﴿لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ﴾ ﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا﴾ يَعْنِي: لِئَلَّا تَقُولُوا، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا" (النِّسَاءِ، ١٧٦) ، أي: لئلا تضلا وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ كَرَاهَةَ ﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا﴾ قَالَ الْكِسَائِيُّ: مَعْنَاهُ اتَّقُوا أَنْ تَقُولُوا يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ، ﴿إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى طَائِفَتَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا﴾ يَعْنِي: الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى، ﴿وَإِنْ كُنَّا﴾ وَقَدْ كُنَّا، ﴿عَنْ دِرَاسَتِهِمْ﴾ قِرَاءَتِهِمْ، ﴿لَغَافِلِينَ﴾ لَا نَعْلَمُ مَا هِيَ، مَعْنَاهُ أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْقُرْآنَ لِئَلَّا تَقُولُوا إِنَّ الْكِتَابَ أُنْزِلَ عَلَى مَنْ قَبْلَنَا بِلِسَانِهِمْ وَلُغَتِهِمْ فَلَمْ نَعْرِفْ مَا فِيهِ وَغَفَلْنَا عَنْ دِرَاسَتِهِ، فَتَجْعَلُونَهُ عُذْرًا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ. ﴿أَوْ تَقُولُوا لَوْ أَنَّا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا الْكِتَابُ لَكُنَّا أَهْدَى مِنْهُمْ﴾ وَقَدْ كَانَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ قَالُوا ذَلِكَ لَوْ أَنَّا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا مَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى لَكُنَّا خَيْرًا مِنْهُمْ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ﴾ حُجَّةٌ وَاضِحَةٌ بِلُغَةٍ تَعْرِفُونَهَا، ﴿وَهُدًى﴾ بَيَانٌ ﴿وَرَحْمَةٌ﴾ وَنِعْمَةٌ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ، ﴿فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ كَذَّبَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَصَدَفَ﴾ أَعْرَضَ، ﴿عَنْهَا سَنَجْزِي الَّذِينَ يَصْدِفُونَ عَنْ آيَاتِنَا سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ﴾ شِدَّةَ الْعَذَابِ ﴿بِمَا كَانُوا يَصْدِفُونَ﴾ [يُعْرِضُونَ] (١) .

(١) ساقط من "ب".