Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/98)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

They said: This manna would fall upon their trees every night like snow, with a ṣāʿ, a dry measure, for each person among them. They said, “Moses, this manna, because of its sweetness, has wearied us; so supplicate your Lord to feed us meat.” Thereupon Allah, exalted is He, sent down upon them the salwa, a bird resembling the quail. It was also said that it was the quail itself. Allah sent a cloud, and it rained down quails, covering an area a mile wide and extending a spear’s length high into the air, piled one upon another. It was also said that salwa means honey.

Allah would send down manna and salwa to them every morning, from the break of dawn until sunrise. Each of them would take what sufficed him for a day and a night; but when Friday came, each would take what sufficed him for two days, because it did not descend on Saturday.

“Eat”: that is, We said to them, “Eat of the wholesome, lawful things We have provided for you,” and do not store anything for the next day. But they did so, so Allah withheld this from them, and what they had stored became worm-eaten and spoiled. Then Allah, exalted is He, said: “They did not wrong Us; rather, they wronged themselves.” That is, they did not diminish anything due to Us, but they wronged themselves by incurring My punishment and cutting off the provision that had been sent down to them without effort in this world or reckoning in the Hereafter.

Hassan ibn Sa'id al-Mani'i informed us; Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmash al-Ziyadi informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Qattan informed us; Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Sulami informed us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Ma'mar informed us, from Hammam ibn Munabbih, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Were it not for the Children of Israel, food would not spoil and meat would not decay (1). And were it not for Eve, no woman would ever betray her husband” (2).

(1) It becomes foul-smelling. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Book of the Prophets, chapter “And We appointed for Moses thirty nights and completed them with ten,” 6:430; and by Muslim in The Book of Nursing, chapter “Were it not for Eve, no woman would ever betray her husband,” no. 1470, 2:1092. The compiler also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:164.

قَالُوا فَكَانَ هَذَا الْمَنُّ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ يَقَعُ عَلَى أَشْجَارِهِمْ مِثْلَ الثَّلْجِ، لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ صَاعٌ، فَقَالُوا: يَا مُوسَى قَتَلَنَا هَذَا الْمَنُّ بِحَلَاوَتِهِ فَادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ أَنْ يُطْعِمَنَا اللَّحْمَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلْوَى وَهُوَ طَائِرٌ يُشْبِهُ السُّمَانَى، وَقِيلَ هُوَ السُّمَانَى بِعَيْنِهِ، بَعَثَ اللَّهُ سَحَابَةً فَمَطَرَتِ السُّمَانَى فِي عَرْضِ مِيلٍ وَطُولِ رُمْحٍ فِي السَّمَاءِ، بَعْضُهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَالسَّلْوَى: الْعَسَلُ، فَكَانَ اللَّهُ يُنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَى كُلَّ صَبَاحٍ مِنْ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ إِلَى طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ، فَيَأْخُذُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا يَكْفِيهِ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً وَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْجُمْعَةِ أَخَذَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا يَكْفِيهِ لِيَوْمَيْنِ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَنْزِلُ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ. ﴿كُلُوا﴾ أَيْ: وَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ: كُلُوا ﴿مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ﴾ حَلَالَاتِ ﴿مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ﴾ وَلَا تَدَّخِرُوا لِغَدٍ، فَفَعَلُوا، فَقَطَعَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُمْ، وَدَوَّدَ وَفَسَدَ مَا ادَّخَرُوا، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ﴾ أَيْ وَمَا بَخَسُوا بِحَقِّنَا، وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ بِاسْتِيجَابِهِمْ عَذَابِي، وَقَطْعِ مَادَّةِ الرِّزْقِ الَّذِي كَانَ يُنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِلَا مُؤْنَةٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَلَا حِسَابٍ فِي الْعُقْبَى. أَخْبَرَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْمَنِيعِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَحْمِشٍ الزِّيَادِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ أَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَوْلَا بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ لَمْ يَخْبُثِ الطَّعَامُ وَلَمْ يَخْنَزِ اللَّحْمُ (١) ، وَلَوْلَا حَوَّاءُ لَمْ تَخُنْ أُنْثَى زَوْجَهَا الدَّهْرَ" (٢)

(١) ينتن. (٢) رواه البخاري: في الأنبياء - باب: قول الله تعالى وواعدنا موسى ثلاثين ليلة وأتممناها بعشر: ٦ / ٤٣٠. مسلم: في الرضاع - باب لولا حواء لم تخن أنثى زوجها الدهر برقم (١٤٧٠) ٢ / ١٠٩٢. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ١٦٤.