Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/196)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Al-Suddi said: “Do not be wasteful; that is, do not give away your wealth and then be left poor.” Al-Zajjaj said: “According to this view, if a person gives away all his wealth and leaves nothing for his dependents, he has indeed been wasteful, for it is reported: ‘Begin with those under your care.’” (1)

Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib said: Its meaning is: Do not withhold charity. Accordingly, the interpretation of the verse is: Do not go to excess in miserliness and withholding, to the point that you withhold the obligatory charity.

Muqatil said: Do not make idols partners in crops and livestock.

Al-Zuhri said: Do not spend in disobedience. Mujahid said: Wastefulness is whatever causes you to fall short in fulfilling Allah’s due. He also said: “If Mount Abu Qubays were gold belonging to a man, and he spent it in obedience to Allah, he would not be wasteful; but if he spent a dirham or a mudd (a dry measure) in disobedience to Allah, he would be wasteful.” Iyas ibn Mu'awiyah said: “Whatever exceeds the bounds set by Allah is excess and wastefulness.” Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Zayd, who said: “The address is directed to rulers: do not take more than your due.”

“And among livestock are those fit for carrying burdens and those for slaughter. Eat of what Allah has provided for you, and do not follow Satan’s footsteps. Surely he is a clear enemy to you.” (142)

(1) Part of the hadith of Abu Hurayrah. It was narrated by al-Bukhari in Zakat, Chapter: “There is no charity except from surplus wealth,” 3:294; by Muslim in Zakat, Chapter: “The best charity is that given by one who is healthy and reluctant to part with wealth,” no. 1034, 2:717; and in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:178-179.

قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: لَا تُسْرِفُوا أَيْ لَا تُعْطُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ فَتُقْعُدُوا فُقَرَاءَ. قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: عَلَى هَذَا إِذَا أَعْطَى الْإِنْسَانُ كُلَّ مَالِهِ وَلَمْ يُوَصِّلْ إِلَى عِيَالِهِ شَيْئًا فَقَدْ أَسْرَفَ، لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ جَاءَ فِي الْخَبَرِ "ابْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ" (١) . وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ: مَعْنَاهُ لَا تَمْنَعُوا الصَّدَقَةَ. فَتَأْوِيلُ الْآيَةِ عَلَى هَذَا: لَا تَتَجَاوَزِ الْحَدَّ فِي الْبُخْلِ وَالْإِمْسَاكِ حَتَّى تَمْنَعُوا الْوَاجِبَ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: لَا تُشْرِكُوا الْأَصْنَامَ فِي الْحَرْثِ وَالْأَنْعَامِ. وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: لَا تُنْفِقُوا فِي الْمَعْصِيَةِ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: الْإِسْرَافُ مَا قَصَّرْتَ بِهِ عَنْ حَقِّ اللَّهِ ﷿، وَقَالَ: لَوْ كَانَ أَبُو قُبَيْسٍ ذَهَبَا لِرَجُلٍ فَأَنْفَقَهُ فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُسْرِفًا وَلَوْ أَنْفَقَ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ مُدًّا فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ كَانَ مُسْرِفًا. وَقَالَ إِيَاسُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ: مَا جَاوَزْتَ بِهِ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ سَرَفٌ وَإِسْرَافٌ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي زَيْدٍ. قَالَ: الْخِطَابُ لِلسَّلَاطِينِ، يَقُولُ: لَا تَأْخُذُوا فَوْقَ حَقِّكُمْ. ﴿وَمِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ حَمُولَةً وَفَرْشًا كُلُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمُ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ (١٤٢) ﴾

(١) قطعة من حديث أبي هريرة، أخرجه البخاري في الزكاة، باب لا صدقة إلا عن ظهر غنى: ٣ / ٢٩٤، ومسلم في الزكاة، باب بيان أن أفضل الصدقة صدقة الصحيح الشحيح، برقم (١٠٣٤) : ٢ / ٧١٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ١٧٨، ١٧٩.