Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/180)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

He replied, “Yes; they are worse than the devils of the jinn.” (1)

Malik ibn Dinar said: “The devils among mankind are more severe upon me than the devils of the jinn. For when I seek Allah’s protection, the devil of the jinn departs from me; but the devil among mankind comes to me and openly drags me into acts of disobedience.”

His saying, Exalted is He: “inspiring one another with adorned speech”—that is, casting it to one another. “Adorned speech” is embellished, deceptive speech founded upon falsehood, with no real substance beneath it. “By way of deception”: that is, these devils make evil deeds seem fair to the children of Adam, deceiving them thereby. Deception is false speech. “Had your Lord willed, they would not have done it”: that is, the whisperings Satan casts [into the hearts]. (2) “So leave them and what they fabricate.”

“So that the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter may incline to it”: that is, may turn toward it. Inclination means turning toward something. One may say, “So-and-so’s inclination is with you,” meaning, his leaning is toward you. The verb is said as sagha yasghi, saghan; and sagha yasgha, and yasghu, saghwan. The pronoun in “to it” refers to adorned speech: “and be pleased with it, and commit whatever they are committing”—that is, so that they may acquire whatever they acquire. One says, “So-and-so acquired wealth,” when he earned it. Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Whoever earns a good deed...” (al-Shura, 23). Al-Zajjaj said: That is, so that they may commit whatever sins they are committing.

“Shall I seek a judge other than Allah, when He is the One who has sent down to you the Book, explained in detail? Those to whom We gave the Book know that it has been sent down from your Lord in truth, so do not be among those who doubt. The word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and justice. None can alter His words, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. If you obey most of those on earth, they will lead you away from the way of Allah. They follow nothing but conjecture, and they do nothing but speculate. Indeed, your Lord knows best who strays from His way, and He knows best those who are rightly guided.” (114–117)

His saying, Mighty and Majestic is He, “Shall I seek other than Allah”: this contains an implied phrase, meaning: Say to them, O Muhammad, “Shall I seek other than Allah as a judge?” That is, one to decide between me and you. This was because they used to say to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, “Appoint a judge between us and yourself,” and he answered them with this. “When He is the One who has sent down to you the Book, explained in detail”: that is, clearly setting forth His commands and prohibitions—the Quran. It was also said that “explained in detail” means revealed in groups of five and ten verses, as He says: “So that We may strengthen your heart thereby” (al-Furqan, 32). “And those to whom We gave the Book”—

(1) Narrated by al-Nasai in al-Isti'adhah, in the chapter “Seeking Refuge from the Evil of Human Devils,” 8:275, omitting the words, “They are worse than the devils among the jinn”; and by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 1:265. (2) Omitted in manuscript B.

قَالَ: "نَعَمْ، هُمْ شَرٌّ مِنْ شَيَاطِينِ الْجِنِّ" (١) . وَقَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ: إِنَّ شَيَاطِينَ الْإِنْسِ أَشَدُّ عَلَيَّ مِنْ شَيَاطِينِ الْجِنِّ، وَذَلِكَ أَنِّي إِذَا تَعَوَّذْتُ بِاللَّهِ ذَهَبَ عَنِّي شَيْطَانُ الْجِنِّ، وَشَيْطَانُ الْإِنْسِ يَجِيئُنِي فَيَجُرُّنِي إِلَى الْمَعَاصِي عِيَانًا. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يُوحِي بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ﴾ أَيْ: يُلْقِي، ﴿زُخْرُفَ الْقَوْلِ﴾ وَهُوَ قَوْلٌ مُمَوَّهٌ مُزَيَّنٌ بِالْبَاطِلِ لَا مَعْنَى تَحْتَهُ، ﴿غُرُورًا﴾ يَعْنِي: لِهَؤُلَاءِ الشَّيَاطِينِ يُزَيِّنُونَ الْأَعْمَالَ الْقَبِيحَةَ لِبَنِي آدَمَ، يَغُرُّونَهُمْ غُرُورًا، وَالْغُرُورُ: الْقَوْلُ الْبَاطِلُ، ﴿وَلَوْ شَاءَ رَبُّكَ مَا فَعَلُوهُ﴾ أَيْ: مَا أَلْقَاهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْوَسْوَسَةِ [فِي الْقُلُوبِ] (٢) ﴿فَذَرْهُمْ وَمَا يَفْتَرُونَ﴾ ﴿وَلِتَصْغَى إِلَيْهِ أَفْئِدَةُ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ﴾ أَيْ: تَمِيلُ إِلَيْهِ، وَالصَّغْوُ: الْمَيْلُ، يُقَالُ: صَغْوُ فُلَانٍ مَعَكَ، أَيْ: مَيْلُهُ، وَالْفِعْلُ مِنْهُ: صَغَى يُصْغِي، صَغًا، وَصَغَى يَصْغَى، وَيَصْغُو صَغْوًا، وَالْهَاءُ فِي "إِلَيْهِ" رَاجِعَةٌ إِلَى زُخْرُفِ الْقَوْلِ: ﴿وَلِيَرْضَوْهُ وَلِيَقْتَرِفُوا﴾ لِيَكْتَسِبُوا، ﴿مَا هُمْ مُقْتَرِفُونَ﴾ يُقَالُ: اقْتَرَفَ فُلَانٌ مَالًا إِذَا اكْتَسَبَهُ، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: (وَمَنْ يَقْتَرِفْ حَسَنَةً) (الشُّورَى، ٢٣) ، وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: أَيْ لِيَعْمَلُوا مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ مَا هُمْ عَامِلُونَ. ﴿أَفَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَبْتَغِي حَكَمًا وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكِتَابَ مُفَصَّلًا وَالَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ مُنَزَّلٌ مِنْ رَبِّكَ بِالْحَقِّ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِينَ (١١٤) وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ صِدْقًا وَعَدْلًا لَا مُبَدِّلَ لِكَلِمَاتِهِ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (١١٥) وَإِنْ تُطِعْ أَكْثَرَ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ يُضِلُّوكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِنْ يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا الظَّنَّ وَإِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَخْرُصُونَ (١١٦) إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ مَنْ يَضِلُّ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ (١١٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿أَفَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ﴾ فِيهِ إِضْمَارٌ أَيْ: قُلْ لَهُمْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَفَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ، ﴿أَبْتَغِي﴾ أَطْلُبُ ﴿حَكَمًا﴾ قَاضِيًا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: اجْعَلْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ حَكَمًا فَأَجَابَهُمْ بِهِ، ﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكِتَابَ مُفَصَّلًا﴾ مُبَيَّنًا فِيهِ أَمْرُهُ وَنَهْيُهُ، يَعْنِي: الْقُرْآنَ، وَقِيلَ: مُفَصَّلًا أَيْ خَمْسًا خَمْسًا وَعَشْرًا وَعَشْرًا، كَمَا قَالَ: (لِنُثَبِّتَ بِهِ فُؤَادَكَ) (الْفُرْقَانَ، ٣٢) ، ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ﴾

(١) أخرجه النسائي في الاستعاذة، باب الاستعاذة من شر شياطين الإنس: ٨ / ٢٧٥، دون قوله "هم شر من شياطين الجن"، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ١ / ٢٦٥. (٢) ساقط من "ب".