Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/173)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“That is Allah, your Lord. There is no god but Him, the Creator of all things. So worship Him, for He is the Guardian over all things.” (102)

His saying: “They have made the jinn partners with Allah”—that is, the disbelievers made the jinn partners with Allah—“though He created them,” meaning that He created the jinn.

Al-Kalbi said: This was revealed concerning the heretics, who ascribed to Iblis a share in creation. They said: “[Allah is the Creator of] (1) light, human beings, beasts, and livestock, while Iblis is the creator of darkness, predatory beasts, snakes, and scorpions.” This is like His saying: “They have forged a kinship between Him and the jinn” (al-Saffat, 158). Iblis is among the jinn.

“They have fabricated”: the reciters of Medina read it with the r doubled, indicating repetition and intensification, while the others read it without doubling; that is, they invented for Him sons and daughters without knowledge. This includes the Jews’ claim that Ezra is the son of Allah, the Christians’ claim that the Messiah is the son of Allah, and the claim of the Arab disbelievers that the angels are the daughters of Allah. Then He declared Himself far above such claims, saying: “Glorified and Exalted is He above what they describe.”

“Originator of the heavens and the earth”: that is, the One who brought them into existence without any preceding model. “How could He have a child?” That is, how could He have a child when He has no consort—a wife—while He created all things and has full knowledge of all things?

“That is Allah, your Lord. There is no god but Him, the Creator of all things. So worship Him”—that is, obey Him—“and He is the Guardian over all things,” preserving them and directing their affairs. “Eyes cannot perceive Him, yet He perceives all eyes”—the rest of the verse. The Mu'tazilah cite the apparent meaning of this verse as proof for denying that Allah will be seen directly.

The position of Ahl al-Sunnah is to affirm that Allah will be seen directly, as established by the Quran and the sunnah. Allah Most High says: “On that Day, some faces will be radiant, looking toward their Lord” (al-Qiyamah, 23). He also says: “No indeed! On that Day they will be veiled from their Lord.”

(1) In manuscript B: “Allah created.”

﴿ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَاعْبُدُوهُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَكِيلٌ (١٠٢) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ الْجِنَّ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْكَافِرِينَ جَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ الْجِنَّ شُرَكَاءَ، ﴿وَخَلَقَهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: وَهُوَ خَلَقَ الْجِنَّ. قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الزَّنَادِقَةِ، أَثْبَتُوا الشَّرِكَةَ لِإِبْلِيسَ فِي الْخَلْقِ، فَقَالُوا: [اللَّهُ خَالِقُ] (١) النُّورَ وَالنَّاسَ وَالدَّوَابَّ وَالْأَنْعَامَ، وَإِبْلِيسُ خَالِقُ الظُّلْمَةِ وَالسِّبَاعِ وَالْحَيَّاتِ وَالْعَقَارِبِ، وَهَذَا كَقَوْلِهِ: "وَجَعَلُوا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجِنَّةِ نَسَبًا"، (الصَّافَاتِ، ١٥٨) وَإِبْلِيسُ مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ، ﴿وَخَرَقُوا﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ "وَخَرَّقُوا"، بِتَشْدِيدِ الرَّاءِ عَلَى التَّكْثِيرِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالتَّخْفِيفِ، أَيِ: اخْتَلَقُوا ﴿لَهُ بَنِينَ وَبَنَاتٍ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ﴾ وَذَلِكَ مِثْلُ قَوْلِ الْيَهُودِ عُزَيْرٌ ابْنُ اللَّهِ، وَقَوْلِ النَّصَارَى الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ، وَقَوْلِ كُفَّارِ الْعَرَبِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بَنَاتُ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ نَزَّهَ نَفْسَهُ فَقَالَ: ﴿سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ﴾ ﴿بَدِيعُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ﴾ أَيْ: مُبْدِعُهُمَا لَا عَلَى مِثَالٍ سَبَقَ، ﴿أَنَّى يَكُونُ لَهُ وَلَدٌ﴾ أَيْ: كَيْفَ يَكُونُ لَهُ وَلَدٌ؟ ﴿وَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ صَاحِبَةٌ﴾ زَوْجَةٌ، ﴿وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَاعْبُدُوهُ﴾ فَأَطِيعُوهُ، ﴿وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَكِيلٌ﴾ بِالْحِفْظِ لَهُ وَبِالتَّدْبِيرِ فِيهِ، ﴿لَا تُدْرِكُهُ الْأَبْصَارُ وَهُوَ يُدْرِكُ الْأَبْصَارَ﴾ الْآيَةَ، يَتَمَسَّكُ أَهْلُ الِاعْتِزَالِ بِظَاهِرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فِي نَفْيِ رُؤْيَةِ اللَّهِ ﷿ عِيَانًا. وَمَذْهَبُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ: إِثْبَاتُ رُؤْيَةِ اللَّهِ ﷿ عِيَانًا جَاءَ بِهِ الْقُرْآنُ وَالسُّنَّةُ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَاضِرَةٌ إِلَى رَبِّهَا نَاظِرَةٌ"، (الْقِيَامَةِ، ٢٣) ، وَقَالَ: "كَلَّا إِنَّهُمْ عَنْ رَبِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَمَحْجُوبُونَ"

(١) في "ب": (خَلَق اللهُ) .