Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/168)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“This is a blessed Book which We have sent down, confirming what came before it, so that you may warn the Mother of Cities and those around it. Those who believe in the Hereafter believe in it, and they are diligent in observing their prayers. (92) And who is more unjust than one who fabricates a lie against Allah, or says, ‘It has been revealed to me,’ when nothing has been revealed to him; or one who says, ‘I shall send down the like of what Allah has sent down’? If only you could see when the wrongdoers are in the agonies of death, while the angels stretch out their hands, saying, ‘Give up your souls! Today you will be repaid with the humiliating punishment for having spoken untruth about Allah and for having arrogantly turned away from His signs.’ (93)”

“This is a blessed Book which We have sent down”: that is, the Quran is a blessed Book which We have sent down, “confirming what came before it, so that you may warn,” O Muhammad. Abu Bakr, transmitting from Asim, recited it with the letter ya: “so that it may warn,” meaning, so that the Book may warn “the Mother of Cities,” namely Makkah. It was called the Mother of Cities because the earth was spread out from beneath it; thus, it is the origin of the entire earth, just as a mother is the origin of offspring. What is meant is the people of the Mother of Cities, “and those around it,” that is, all the people of the earth, east and west. “Those who believe in the Hereafter believe in it,” that is, in the Book; “and they are diligent in observing their prayers,” meaning the five daily prayers. They maintain them consistently—that is, the believers.

Regarding His saying, exalted is He, “And who is more unjust than one who fabricates a lie against Allah,” that is, invents one, “claiming that Allah, Most High, sent him as a prophet; or says, ‘It has been revealed to me,’ when nothing has been revealed to him”: Qatadah said, “It was revealed concerning Musaylimah the Liar, of Banu Hanifah. He used rhymed prose and practised soothsaying, then claimed prophethood and alleged that Allah had revealed to him.” He had sent two messengers to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, asked them, “Do you testify that Musaylimah is a prophet?” They replied, “Yes.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Were it not that messengers are not killed, I would have struck off both your heads.” (1)

Hassan ibn Sa‘id al-Mani‘i informed us; Abu Tahir al-Ziyadi narrated to us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Qattan narrated to us; Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Sulami narrated to us; Abd al-Razzaq narrated to us; Ma‘mar narrated to us, from Hammam ibn Munabbih, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “While I was sleeping, I was brought the treasures of the earth, and two bracelets of gold were placed in my hand. They weighed heavily upon me and caused me distress. 121/b Then it was revealed to me that I should blow upon them, so I blew upon them and they vanished. I interpreted them as the two liars between whom I am: the man of Sana‘a and the man of al-Yamamah.” (2) By the man of Sana‘a, he meant al-Aswad al-‘Ansi; and by the man of al-Yamamah, Musaylimah the Liar.

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Maghazi, chapter: “The Delegation of Banu Hanifa and the Hadith of Thumama,” 8:89; and in al-Tabir (Interpretation of Dreams). Also recorded by Muslim in al-Ru'ya (Dreams), chapter: “The Prophet’s Dream,” no. 2274, 4:1781, on the authority of Abu Hurayra and Ibn Abbas. It was also recorded by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:252. (2) Recorded by Muslim in al-Ru'ya, 4:1781; Abd al-Razzaq, 11:99; al-Tabari, 11:535; Abu Dawud, 4:64; and Ahmad, 1:390.

﴿وَهَذَا كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ مُصَدِّقُ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَلِتُنْذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَى وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَهُمْ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ (٩٢) وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا أَوْ قَالَ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ وَلَمْ يُوحَ إِلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ وَمَنْ قَالَ سَأُنْزِلُ مِثْلَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذِ الظَّالِمُونَ فِي غَمَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ بَاسِطُو أَيْدِيهِمْ أَخْرِجُوا أَنْفُسَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ غَيْرَ الْحَقِّ وَكُنْتُمْ عَنْ آيَاتِهِ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ (٩٣) ﴾ ﴿وَهَذَا كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ﴾ أَيِ: الْقُرْآنُ كِتَابٌ مُبَارَكٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ ﴿مُصَدِّقُ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَلِتُنْذِرَ﴾ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، قَرَأَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَنْ عَاصِمِ " وَلِيُنْذِرَ " بِالْيَاءِ أَيْ: وَلِيُنْذِرَ الْكِتَابُ، ﴿أُمَّ الْقُرَى﴾ يَعْنِي: مَكَّةَ سُمِّيَتْ أُمَّ الْقُرَى لِأَنَّ الْأَرْضَ دُحِيَتْ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا، فَهِيَ أَصْلُ الْأَرْضِ كُلِّهَا كَالْأُمِّ أَصْلِ النَّسْلِ، وَأَرَادَ أَهْلَ أُمِّ الْقُرَى ﴿وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا﴾ أَيْ: أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ كُلِّهَا شَرْقًا وَغَرْبًا ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ﴾ بِالْكِتَابِ، ﴿وَهُمْ عَلَى صَلاتِهِمْ﴾ يعني: الصلواات الْخَمْسِ، ﴿يُحَافِظُونَ﴾ يُدَاوِمُونَ، يَعْنِي: الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَى﴾ أَيِ: اخْتَلَقَ ﴿عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا﴾ فَزَعْمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى بَعَثَهُ نَبِيًّا، ﴿أَوْ قَالَ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ وَلَمْ يُوحَ إِلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: نَزَلَتْ فِي مُسَيْلِمَةَ الْكَذَّابِ الْحَنَفِيِّ، وَكَانَ يَسْجَعُ وَيَتَكَهَّنُ، فَادَّعَى النُّبُوَّةَ وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَوْحَى إِلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَسُولَيْنِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَهُمَا: أَتَشْهَدَانِ أَنَّ مُسَيْلِمَةَ نَبِيٌّ؟ قَالَا نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "لَوْلَا أَنَّ الرُّسُلَ لَا تُقْتَلُ لَضَرَبْتُ أَعْنَاقَكُمَا" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْمَنِيعِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الزِّيَادَيُّ أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ أَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "بَيْنَا أَنَا نَائِمٌ إِذْ أُتِيتُ خَزَائِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَوُضِعَ فِي يَدِي سِوَارَانِ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، فَكَبُرَا علي وأهمّاني ١٢١/ب فَأُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ أَنَّ انْفُخْهُمَا، فَنَفَخْتُهُمَا فَذَهَبَا، فَأَوَّلْتُهُمَا الْكَذَّابَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ أَنَا بَيْنَهُمَا: صَاحِبَ صَنْعَاءَ وَصَاحِبَ الْيَمَامَةِ" (٢) أَرَادَ بِصَاحِبِ صَنْعَاءَ الْأَسْوَدَ الْعَنْسِيَّ وَبِصَاحِبِ الْيَمَامَةَ مُسَيْلِمَةَ الْكَذَّابَ. .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب وفد بني حنيفة وحديث ثمامة: ٨ / ٨٩، وفي التعبير، ومسلم في الرؤيا، باب رؤيا النبي ﷺ، برقم (٢٢٧٤) : ٤ / ١٧٨١ عن أبي هريرة وعن ابن عباس. وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٢٥٢. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الرؤيا: ٤ / ١٧٨١، وعبد الرزاق: ١١ / ٩٩، والطبري: ١١ / ٥٣٥، وأبو داود: ٤ / ٦٤، وأحمد: ١ / ٣٩٠.