Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/165)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And We granted him Isaac and Jacob; We guided each of them.” 121/A That is, We granted them success and directed them. “And Noah We guided before”—that is, before Abraham. “And among his descendants”—that is, among the descendants of Noah, peace be upon him; it does not refer to the descendants of Abraham, because Jonah and Lot are mentioned among them, though neither was among Abraham’s descendants. “David”—that is, David son of Aisha; “and Solomon”—that is, his son; “and Job”—that is, Job son of Amos son of Razih son of Rum son of Esau son of Isaac son of Abraham; “and Joseph”—that is, Joseph son of Jacob son of Isaac son of Abraham, peace be upon him; “and Moses”—that is, Moses son of Amram son of Yashur son of Fahith son of Levi son of Jacob. “And Aaron”—he was Moses’ brother and was one year older than him. “And thus”—that is, just as We rewarded Abraham for his monotheism by raising his rank and granting him righteous, God-fearing sons who were prophets, “thus We reward those who excel in good”—for their excellence in doing good. They are not mentioned in chronological order.

“And Zachariah, John, Jesus, and Elijah—all were among the righteous. (85) And Ishmael, Elisha, Jonah, and Lot; We favoured each above all peoples. (86) And some of their forefathers, their descendants, and their brothers—We chose them and guided them to a straight path. (87) That is Allah’s guidance, by which He guides whomever He wills of His servants. But if they had associated partners with Him, all that they used to do would have come to nothing. (88) Those are the ones to whom We gave the Scripture, judgement, and prophethood. But if these people disbelieve in it, We have entrusted it to a people who do not disbelieve in it. (89)”

“Zachariah”—that is, Zachariah son of Adhan; “and John”—his son; “and Jesus”—the son of Mary, daughter of Imran; “and Elijah”—there is disagreement concerning him. Ibn Masud said: He was Idris, and he had two names, just as Jacob was also called Israel. The correct view, however, is that he was someone else, for Allah, Most High, mentioned him among the descendants of Noah, whereas Idris was the grandfather of Noah’s father. He was Elijah son of Yasin son of Phinehas son of Eleazar son of Aaron son of Imran. “All were among the righteous.”

“And Ishmael”—he was Abraham’s son; “and Elisha”—he was the son of Akhtub son of the old woman. Hamzah and al-Kisa’i recited the name as al-Layssa, with a doubled l and an unvocalized y, here and in Surah Sad. “And Jonah”—that is, Jonah son of Matta; “and Lot”—that is, Lot son of Haran, Abraham’s brother. “And each We favoured above all peoples”—that is, the peoples of their respective times.

“And some of their forefathers”: the word “some” indicates a portion, because the fathers of some of them were polytheists. “And their descendants”—that is, some of their descendants. What is meant is the descendants of some of them, since Jesus and John had no children, and among the descendants of some of them were those who were

﴿وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ كُلا هَدَيْنَا﴾ ١٢١\أووفقنا وَأَرْشَدْنَا. ﴿وَنُوحًا هَدَيْنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ قَبْلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ﴿وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ﴾ أَيْ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ نُوحٍ ﵇، وَلَمْ يُرِدْ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ فِي جُمْلَتِهِمْ يُونُسَ وَلُوطًا وَلَمْ يَكُونَا مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﴿دَاوُدَ﴾ يَعْنِي: دَاوُدَ بْنَ أَيْشَا، ﴿وَسُلَيْمَانَ﴾ يَعْنِي ابْنَهُ، ﴿وَأَيُّوبَ﴾ وَهُوَ أَيُّوبُ بْنُ أَمُوصَ بْنِ رَازِحَ بْنِ رُومِ بْنِ عِيصِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ﴿وَيُوسُفَ﴾ هُوَ يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇، ﴿وَمُوسَى﴾ وَهُوَ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ يَصْهُرَ بْنِ فَاهِثَ بْنِ لَاوِي بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ. ﴿وَهَارُونَ﴾ هُوَ أَخُو مُوسَى أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ بِسَنَةٍ، ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ﴾ أَيْ: وَكَمَا جَزَيْنَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَى تَوْحِيدِهِ بِأَنْ رَفَعْنَا دَرَجَتَهُ وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ أَوْلَادًا أَنْبِيَاءَ أَتْقِيَاءَ كَذَلِكَ، ﴿نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾ عَلَى إِحْسَانِهِمْ، وَلَيْسَ ذِكْرُهُمْ عَلَى تَرْتِيبِ أَزْمَانِهِمْ. ﴿وَزَكَرِيَّا وَيَحْيَى وَعِيسَى وَإِلْيَاسَ كُلٌّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ (٨٥) وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَالْيَسَعَ وَيُونُسَ وَلُوطًا وَكُلًّا فَضَّلْنَا عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ (٨٦) وَمِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ وَإِخْوَانِهِمْ وَاجْتَبَيْنَاهُمْ وَهَدَيْنَاهُمْ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ (٨٧) ذَلِكَ هُدَى اللَّهِ يَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَلَوْ أَشْرَكُوا لَحَبِطَ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (٨٨) أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحُكْمَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ فَإِنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهَا هَؤُلَاءِ فَقَدْ وَكَّلْنَا بِهَا قَوْمًا لَيْسُوا بِهَا بِكَافِرِينَ (٨٩) ﴾ ﴿وَزَكَرِيَّا﴾ وَهُوَ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ آذَنَ، ﴿وَيَحْيَى﴾ وَهُوَ ابْنُهُ، ﴿وَعِيسَى﴾ وَهُوَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ بِنْتِ عِمْرَانَ، ﴿وَإِلْيَاسَ﴾ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ، قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: هُوَ إِدْرِيسُ، وَلَهُ اسْمَانِ مِثْلُ يَعْقُوبَ وَإِسْرَائِيلَ، وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ غَيْرُهُ، لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى ذَكَرَهُ فِي وَلَدِ نُوحٍ، وَإِدْرِيسُ جَدُّ أَبِي نُوحٍ وَهُوَ إِلْيَاسُ يَاسِينُ بْنُ فِنْحَاصَ بْنِ عِيزَارَ بْنِ هَارُونَ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ ﴿كُلٌّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ﴾ ﴿وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ﴾ وَهُوَ وَلَدُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ﴿وَالْيَسَعَ﴾ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَخْطُوبَ بْنِ الْعَجُوزِ، وَقَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ " وَالَّيْسَعَ " بِتَشْدِيدِ اللَّامِ وَسُكُونِ الْيَاءِ هُنَا وَفِي ص ﴿وَيُونُسَ﴾ وَهُوَ يُونُسُ بْنُ مَتَّى، ﴿وَلُوطًا﴾ وَهُوَ لُوطُ بْنُ هَارَانَ بن أَخِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ﴿وَكُلًّا فَضَّلْنَا عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ أَيْ: عَالَمِي زَمَانِهِمْ. ﴿وَمِنْ آبَائِهِمْ﴾ مِنْ فِيهِ لِلتَّبْعِيضِ، لِأَنَّ آبَاءَ بَعْضِهِمْ كَانُوا مُشْرِكِينَ، ﴿وَذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ﴾ أَيْ: وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ. وَأَرَادَ بِهِ ذُرِّيَّةَ بَعْضِهِمْ: لِأَنَّ عِيسَى وَيَحْيَى لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمَا وَلَدٌ، وَكَانَ فِي ذُرِّيَّةِ بَعْضِهِمْ مَنْ كَانَ