Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/164)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Those who believe and do not mix their faith with wrongdoing—for them is security, and they are rightly guided. (82) That is Our proof which We gave Abraham against his people. We raise in degrees whomever We will. Indeed, your Lord is All-Wise, All-Knowing. (83) And We granted him Isaac and Jacob; We guided each of them. And Noah We guided before; and among his descendants were David, Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses, and Aaron. Thus do We reward those who excel in good. (84)”

Allah, Most High, then judged between them: “Those who believe and do not mix their faith with wrongdoing”—that is, they do not mix their faith with associating partners with Allah—“for them is security, and they are rightly guided.”

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Ishaq informed us; Isa ibn Yunus informed us; al-A'mash informed us; Ibrahim narrated from Alqamah, from Abd Allah, who said: When the verse, “Those who believe and do not mix their faith with wrongdoing,” was revealed, it distressed the Muslims, and they said, “O Messenger of Allah, which of us does not wrong himself?” He replied, “That is not what it means; rather, it means associating partners with Allah. Have you not heard what Luqman said to his son as he advised him: ‘My dear son, do not associate anything with Allah. Indeed, associating partners with Him is truly a great wrong’ (1)?” (Luqman, 13).

Allah, exalted is He, says: “That is Our proof which We gave Abraham against his people”—so that he refuted and overcame them by proof. Mujahid said: It is His saying, “Those who believe and do not mix their faith with wrongdoing—for them is security.” It was also said that it refers to the argument by which he debated Nimrod, as mentioned previously in Surah al-Baqarah (2).

“We raise in degrees whomever We will”—through knowledge. The scholars of Kufa and Yaqub recited “degrees” with tanwin (the indefinite ending) here and in Surah Yusuf; that is, We raise in degrees whomever We will through knowledge, understanding, merit, and intellect, just as We raised Abraham in degrees until he was guided and debated his people concerning monotheism. “Indeed, your Lord is All-Wise, All-Knowing.”

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab Ahadith al-Anbiya (Book of the Prophets' Hadiths), chapter: “We certainly gave Luqman wisdom...,” 6/465. (2) See the preceding explanation of verse 258.

﴿الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الْأَمْنُ وَهُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ (٨٢) وَتِلْكَ حُجَّتُنَا آتَيْنَاهَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ مَنْ نَشَاءُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ حَكِيمٌ عَلِيمٌ (٨٣) وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ كُلًّا هَدَيْنَا وَنُوحًا هَدَيْنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ دَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُوسُفَ وَمُوسَى وَهَارُونَ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ (٨٤) ﴾ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَاضِيًا بَيْنَهُمَا: ﴿الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ﴾ لَمْ يَخْلِطُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِشِرْكٍ، ﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الْأَمْنُ وَهُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ أَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ أَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: (الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ) شَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَأَيُّنَا لَا يَظْلِمُ نَفْسَهُ؟ فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ الشِّرْكُ، أَلَمْ تَسْمَعُوا إِلَى مَا قَالَ لُقْمَانُ لِابْنِهِ وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُ: "يَا بُنَيَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ" (١) ؟ (لُقْمَانَ، ١٣) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَتِلْكَ حُجَّتُنَا آتَيْنَاهَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ﴾ حَتَّى خَصَمَهُمْ وَغَلَبَهُمْ بِالْحُجَّةِ، قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هِيَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الْأَمْنُ﴾ وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِهِ الْحِجَاجَ الَّذِي حَاجَّ نُمْرُودَ عَلَى مَا سَبَقَ فِي سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ (٢) . ﴿نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ مَنْ نَشَاءُ﴾ بِالْعِلْمِ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ وَيَعْقُوبُ (دَرَجَاتٍ) بِالتَّنْوِينِ هَاهُنَا وَفِي سُورَةِ يُوسُفَ، أَيْ: نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ مِنْ نَشَاءُ بِالْعِلْمِ وَالْفَهْمِ وَالْفَضِيلَةِ وَالْعَقْلِ، كَمَا رَفَعْنَا دَرَجَاتٍ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَتَّى اهْتَدَى وَحَاجَّ قَوْمَهُ فِي التَّوْحِيدِ، ﴿إِنَّ رَبَّكَ حَكِيمٌ عَلِيمٌ﴾

(١) أخرجه البخاري في أحاديث الأنبياء، باب قول الله تعالى "ولقد آتينا لقمان الحكمة ... " ٦ / ٤٦٥. (٢) انظر فيما سبق تفسير الآية (٢٥٨) .