Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/151)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“He knows all that is in the land and the sea.” Mujahid said: “The land means the open deserts and wildernesses, while the sea means towns and cities; nothing occurs in either of them without His knowing it.” It was also said that it means the familiar land and sea.

“Not a leaf falls without His knowing it”: this means both those that fall and those that remain; that is, He knows the number of leaves that fall from the trees and those that remain upon them. It was also said: He knows how many times it turns from one side to the other before it falls (1) upon the ground (2).

“Nor any grain in the darknesses of the earth”: it was said that this refers to the familiar grain lying in the depths of the earth. It was also said that it is that which lies beneath a rock in the lowest earth.

“Nor anything fresh or dry”: Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “The fresh is water, and the dry is the open land.” Ata said: “It means that which grows and that which does not grow.” It was also said: “Neither living nor dead.” And it was said: this is an expression encompassing everything.

“Except that it is in a clear Record”: that is, everything is written in the Preserved Tablet.

The words of Allah, exalted is He: “It is He who takes you at night”: that is, He takes your souls when you sleep at night. “And He knows what you have earned”: what you have acquired. “During the day; then He revives you therein”: that is, He awakens you during the day. “So that an appointed term may be fulfilled”: namely, the term of life until death; that is, so that one’s lifespan may be completed in full. “Then to Him is your return”: in the Hereafter. “Then He will inform you”: He will tell you, “of what you used to do.”

“And He is the Irresistible, above His servants, and He sends over you guardians, until death comes to one of you and Our messengers take him in death, and they do not neglect their duty. (61) Then they are returned to Allah, their true Master. Surely His is the judgment, and He is swiftest in reckoning. (62) Say: ‘Who rescues you from the darknesses of land and sea, when you call upon Him humbly and secretly: “If He rescues us from this, we will surely be among the grateful”?’ (63)”

The words of Allah, glorified and exalted is He: “And He is the Irresistible, above His servants, and He sends over you guardians”: meaning, the angels who preserve the deeds of the children of Adam. It is the plural of guardian. Its parallel is: “Indeed, over you are guardians, noble scribes” (al-Infitar, 11).

“Until death comes to one of you and Our messengers take him in death”: Hamzah recited tuwaffīhi and istahwīhi with a yāʾ, applying imālah to both. “Our messengers” means:

(1) In manuscript A: “turned over.” (2) In manuscript B: “fell.”

﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: الْبَرُّ: الْمَفَاوِزُ وَالْقِفَارُ، وَالْبَحْرُ: الْقُرَى وَالْأَمْصَارُ، لَا يَحْدُثُ فِيهِمَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهُ، وَقِيلَ: هُوَ الْبَرُّ وَالْبَحْرُ الْمَعْرُوفُ، ﴿وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا﴾ يُرِيدُ سَاقِطَةً وَثَابِتَةً، يَعْنِي: يَعْلَمُ عَدَدَ مَا يَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقِ الشَّجَرِ وَمَا يَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ، وَقِيلَ: يَعْلَمُ كَمِ انْقَلَبَتْ (١) ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ إِلَى أَنْ سَقَطَتْ (٢) عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، ﴿وَلَا حَبَّةٍ فِي ظُلُمَاتِ الْأَرْضِ﴾ قِيلَ: هُوَ الْحَبُّ الْمَعْرُوفُ فِي بُطُونِ الْأَرْضِ، وَقِيلَ: هُوَ تَحْتَ الصَّخْرَةِ فِي أَسْفَلِ الْأَرْضِينَ، ﴿وَلَا رَطْبٍ وَلَا يَابِسٍ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: الرَّطْبُ الْمَاءُ، وَالْيَابِسُ الْبَادِيَةُ، وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: يُرِيدُ مَا يَنْبُتُ وَمَا لَا يَنْبُتُ، وَقِيلَ: وَلَا حَيٍّ وَلَا مَيِّتٍّ، وَقِيلَ: هُوَ عِبَارَةٌ عَنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، ﴿إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍ مُبِينٍ﴾ يَعْنِي أَنَّ الْكُلَّ مَكْتُوبٌ فِي اللَّوْحِ الْمَحْفُوظِ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ﴾ أَيْ: يَقْبِضُ أَرْوَاحَكُمْ إِذَا نِمْتُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ، ﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُمْ﴾ كَسَبْتُمْ، ﴿بِالنَّهَارِ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُكُمْ فِيهِ﴾ أَيْ: يُوقِظُكُمْ فِي النَّهَارِ، ﴿لِيُقْضَى أَجَلٌ مُسَمًّى﴾ يَعْنِي: أَجَلَ الْحَيَاةِ إِلَى الْمَمَاتِ، يُرِيدُ اسْتِيفَاءَ الْعُمْرِ عَلَى التَّمَامِ، ﴿ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ﴾ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، ﴿ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُكُمْ﴾ يُخْبِرُكُمْ، ﴿بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ﴾ ﴿وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ وَيُرْسِلُ عَلَيْكُمْ حَفَظَةً حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ تَوَفَّتْهُ رُسُلُنَا وَهُمْ لَا يُفَرِّطُونَ (٦١) ثُمَّ رُدُّوا إِلَى اللَّهِ مَوْلَاهُمُ الْحَقِّ أَلَا لَهُ الْحُكْمُ وَهُوَ أَسْرَعُ الْحَاسِبِينَ (٦٢) قُلْ مَنْ يُنَجِّيكُمْ مِنْ ظُلُمَاتِ الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ تَدْعُونَهُ تَضَرُّعًا وَخُفْيَةً لَئِنْ أَنْجَانَا مِنْ هَذِهِ لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ (٦٣) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ وَيُرْسِلُ عَلَيْكُمْ حَفَظَةً﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمَلَائِكَةَ الَّذِينَ يَحْفَظُونَ أَعْمَالَ بَنِي آدَمَ، وَهُوَ جَمْعُ حَافِظٍ، نَظِيرُهُ "وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحَافِظِينَ كِرَامًا كَاتِبِينَ" (الِانْفِطَارِ، ١١) ، ﴿حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ تَوَفَّتْهُ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ (تُوَفِّيهِ) وَ (اسْتَهْوِيهُ) بِالْيَاءِ وَأَمَالَهُمَا، ﴿رُسُلُنَا﴾ يَعْنِي:

(١) في "أ": (انقلب) . (٢) في "ب": (سقط) .