Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/150)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“It is He who takes you at night and knows what you do during the day; then He revives you so that an appointed term may be fulfilled. Then to Him is your return, and then He will inform you of what you used to do. (60)”

The words of Allah, exalted is He: “With Him are the keys to the unseen; none knows them except Him.” The keys to the unseen are its treasuries; mafātih is the plural of miftah (key).

They differed regarding the keys to the unseen. Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Khiraqi informed us; Abu al-Hasan al-Taysafuni informed us; Abd Allah ibn Umar al-Jawhari informed us; Ahmad ibn Ali al-Kushmihani informed us; Ali ibn Hujr informed us; Ismail ibn Jafar informed us; Abd Allah ibn Dinar informed us that he heard Ibn Umar say: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The keys to the unseen are five, and none knows them except Allah. No one knows what the wombs lose except Allah, exalted is He; [nor does anyone know what tomorrow holds except Allah, exalted is He] (1). No one knows when rain will come except Allah; ⦗119⦘ no soul knows in what land it will die; and no one knows when the Hour will come except Allah.” (2)

Al-Dahhak and Muqatil said: “The keys to the unseen are the treasures of the earth and knowledge of when punishment will descend.”

Ata said: “They are the reward and punishment hidden from you.”

It was also said: “They are the expiry of appointed terms.” It was said as well: “They are the conditions of servants with respect to felicity and wretchedness, and the final outcomes of their deeds.” And it was said: “They are that which has not yet occurred: whether it will occur or not; what will occur and how it will occur; and what will not occur—if it were to occur, how it would occur.” Ibn Masud said: “Your Prophet was given knowledge of everything except knowledge of the keys to the unseen.” (3)

(1) Omitted in manuscript B. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Istisqa (The Book of the Prayer for Rain), chapter: “None knows when rain will come except Allah,” 2:524; also in Kitab al-Tawhid and Kitab al-Tafsir. It was also recorded by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:422. (3) Recorded by Ahmad and Abu Yala; the narrators in both chains are narrators of the Sahih. See Majma al-Zawaid, 8:263. See also Fath al-Bari, 1:124 and 8:291; and Alim al-Ghayb wa al-Shahadah (The Knower of the Unseen and the Seen), by Uthman Jumuah Dumayri, pp. 80-81.

﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُمْ بِالنَّهَارِ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُكُمْ فِيهِ لِيُقْضَى أَجَلٌ مُسَمًّى ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ (٦٠) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَعِنْدَهُ مَفَاتِحُ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا هُوَ﴾ مَفَاتِحُ الْغَيْبِ خَزَائِنُهُ، جَمْعُ مِفْتَحٍ. وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي مَفَاتِحِ الْغَيْبِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْخِرَقِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّيْسَفُونِيُّ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكُشْمِيهَنِيُّ أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ أَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ دِينَارٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ: "مَفَاتِحُ الْغَيْبِ خَمْسٌ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا اللَّهُ، لَا يَعْلَمُ مَا تَغِيضُ الْأَرْحَامُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا اللَّهَ تَعَالَى، [وَلَا يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْغَدِ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ﷿] (١) وَلَا يَعْلَمُ مَتَى يَأْتِي الْمَطَرُ أَحَدُ إِلَّا اللَّهَ، ولا تدري ١١٩\أنَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ، وَلَا يَعْلَمُ مَتَى تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا اللَّهَ" (٢) . وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: مَفَاتِحُ الْغَيْبِ خَزَائِنُ الْأَرْضِ، وَعِلْمُ نُزُولِ الْعَذَابِ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: مَا غَابَ عَنْكُمْ مِنَ الثَّوَابِ وَالْعِقَابِ. وَقِيلَ: انْقِضَاءُ الْآجَالِ، وَقِيلَ: أَحْوَالُ الْعِبَادِ مِنَ السَّعَادَةِ وَالشَّقَاوَةِ وَخَوَاتِيمِ أَعْمَالِهِمْ، وَقِيلَ: هِيَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بَعْدُ أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ أَمْ لَا يَكُونُ، وَمَا يَكُونُ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ، وَمَا لَا يَكُونُ أَنْ لَوْ كَانَ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ؟ وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: "أُوتِيَ نَبِيُّكُمْ عِلْمَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا عِلْمَ مَفَاتِيحِ الْغَيْبِ" (٣) .

(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الاستسقاء، باب لا يدري متى يجيء المطر إلا الله: ٢ / ٥٢٤، وفي التوحيد وفي التفسير. وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٤٢٢. (٣) أخرجه أحمد وأبو يعلى، ورجالهما رجال الصحيح، مجمع الزوائد: ٨ / ٢٦٣. وانظر: فتح الباري: ١ / ١٢٤ و٨ / ٢٩١، عالم الغيب والشهادة تأليف عثمان جمعة ضميرية ص (٨٠-٨١) .