Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/148)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

who has made among my community those with whom He commanded me to keep myself patiently.” He said: Then he sat in our midst, placing himself among us. Then he gestured with his hand, indicating that they should form a circle, and their faces became visible to him. He said: I did not see the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, recognize anyone among them other than me. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, then said, “Rejoice, O impoverished Emigrants! You shall have complete light on the Day of Resurrection. You will enter Paradise half a day before the wealthy people, and that is equivalent to five hundred years.” (1)

Regarding His saying, Exalted is He: “When those who believe in Our signs come to you, say, ‘Peace be upon you,’” Ikrimah said: It was revealed concerning those whom Allah had forbidden His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, to drive away. Whenever the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, saw them, he would be the first to greet them with peace. (2)

Ata said: It was revealed concerning Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Bilal, Salim, Abu Ubaydah, Musab ibn Umayr, Hamzah, Jafar, Uthman ibn Mazun, Ammar ibn Yasir, al-Arqam ibn Abi al-Arqam, and Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Asad—may Allah be pleased with them all.

“Your Lord has prescribed mercy for Himself,” meaning: He has decreed mercy upon Himself. “Whoever among you commits an evil deed out of ignorance”: Mujahid said: He does not know what is lawful from what is unlawful, and because of his ignorance he commits the sin. It was also said: he is unaware of what that sin will bring about. And it was said: his ignorance lies in preferring disobedience to obedience, and the little that is immediate to the abundant that is deferred. “Then repents thereafter,” meaning: he turns back from his sin. “And reforms,” meaning: his deeds; it was said: he makes his repentance sincere. “Then indeed He is Forgiving, Merciful.” Ibn Amir, Asim, and Yaqub recited both occurrences—“that whoever among you commits” and “that indeed He is Forgiving, Merciful”—with an initial a-vowel, as appositives to “mercy”; that is, He has prescribed for Himself that whoever among you commits. He then made the second an appositive of the first, as in His saying, Exalted is He: “Does he promise you that, when you have died and become dust and bones, you will be brought forth?” (The Believers, 35). The Medinan reciters pronounced the first with an initial a-vowel and the second with an initial i-vowel, treating the latter as a new sentence, while the others pronounced both with an initial i-vowel, likewise treating them as new sentences.

“And thus We set out the signs in detail, so that the way of the wicked may become clear. (55) Say, ‘I have been forbidden to worship those whom you invoke besides Allah.’ Say, ‘I do not follow your desires; for then I would have gone astray and would not be among the rightly guided.’ (56)”

“And thus We set out the signs in detail,” meaning: in this manner. It was also said to mean: just as We have set out for you, in this surah, Our proofs

(1) Reported by Abu Dawud in Kitab al-Ilm (The Book of Knowledge), the chapter on storytelling, 5:255. Al-Mundhiri said: “Its chain includes Ziyad ibn al-Mualla ibn Ziyad, Abu al-Hasan, concerning whom there is some criticism.” It was also reported by Ahmad, 3:63, 96, on the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:191. It has a supporting narration in al-Tirmidhi’s Book of Asceticism, as well as in Ibn Majah and Ibn Hibban, and is thereby strengthened. (2) See al-Tabari, 11:380; Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 252.

الَّذِي جَعَلَ مِنْ أُمَّتِي مَنْ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُصَبِّرَ نَفْسِي مَعَهُمْ" قَالَ: ثُمَّ جلس وسطنا ليدل نَفْسَهُ فِينَا ثُمَّ قَالَ بِيَدِهِ هَكَذَا فَتَحَلَّقُوا، وَبَرَزَتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ لَهُ، قَالَ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَرَفَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا غَيْرِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَبْشِرُوا يَا مَعْشَرَ صَعَالِيكِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ بِالنُّورِ التَّامِّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ تَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ قَبْلَ أَغْنِيَاءِ النَّاسِ بِنِصْفِ يَوْمٍ وَذَلِكَ مِقْدَارُ خَمْسِمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ" (١) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذَا جَاءَكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا فَقُلْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الَّذِينَ نَهَى اللَّهُ ﷿ نَبِيَّهُ عَنْ طَرْدِهِمْ، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا رَآهُمْ بَدَأَهُمْ بِالسَّلَامِ (٢) . وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ وَعَلِيٍّ وَبِلَالٍ وَسَالِمٍ وَأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ وَمُصْعَبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ وَحَمْزَةَ وَجَعْفَرٍ وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ وَعَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ وَالْأَرْقَمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَرْقَمِ وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ ﵃ أَجْمَعِينَ. ﴿كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ﴾ أَيْ: قَضَى عَلَى نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ، ﴿أَنَّهُ مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنْكُمْ سُوءًا بِجَهَالَةٍ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: لَا يَعْلَمُ حَلَالًا مِنْ حَرَامٍ فَمِنْ جَهَالَتِهِ رَكِبَ الذَّنْبَ، وَقِيلَ: جَاهِلٌ بِمَا يُورِثُهُ ذَلِكَ الذَّنْبُ، وَقِيلَ: جَهَالَتُهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَنَّهُ آثَرَ الْمَعْصِيَةَ عَلَى الطَّاعَةِ وَالْعَاجِلَ الْقَلِيلَ عَلَى الْآجِلِ الْكَثِيرِ، ﴿ثُمَّ تَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ﴾ رَجَعَ عَنْ ذَنْبِهِ، ﴿وَأَصْلَحَ﴾ عَمَلَهُ، قِيلَ: أَخْلَصَ تَوْبَتَهُ، ﴿فَإِنَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ وَعَاصِمٌ وَيَعْقُوبُ " أَنَّهُ مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنْكُمْ " " فَأَنَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ " بِفَتْحِ الْأَلِفِ فِيهِمَا بَدَلًا مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ، أَيْ: كَتَبَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنَّهُ مَنْ عَمَلِ مِنْكُمْ، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ الثَّانِيَةَ بَدَلًا عَنِ الْأُولَى، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "أَيَعِدُكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ إِذَا مِتُّمْ وَكُنْتُمْ تُرَابًا وَعِظَامًا أَنَّكُمْ مُخْرَجُونَ"، (الْمُؤْمِنُونَ، ٣٥) ، وَفَتَحَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ الْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا وَكَسَرُوا الثَّانِيَةَ عَلَى الِاسْتِئْنَافِ، وَكَسَرَهُمَا الْآخَرُونَ عَلَى الِاسْتِئْنَافِ. ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ وَلِتَسْتَبِينَ سَبِيلُ الْمُجْرِمِينَ (٥٥) قُلْ إِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ قُلْ لَا أَتَّبِعُ أَهْوَاءَكُمْ قَدْ ضَلَلْتُ إِذًا وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ (٥٦) ﴾ ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ﴾ أَيْ: وَهَكَذَا، وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ وَكَمَا فَصَّلْنَا لَكَ فِي هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ دَلَائِلَنَا

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في كتاب العلم، باب في القصص: ٥ / ٢٥٥، قال المنذري: "وفي إسناده زياد بن المعلى بن زياد، أبو الحسن، وفيه مقال، وأخرجه أحمد: ٣ / ٦٣، ٩٦ عن أبي سعيد الخدري. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ١٩١. وله شاهد عند الترمذي في الزهد وابن ماجه وابن حبان، فيتقوى به. (٢) انظر: الطبري: ١١ / ٣٨٠، أسباب النزول ص (٢٥٢) .