Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/147)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Thus We test some of them by means of others, so that they may say, ‘Are these the ones whom Allah has favored among us?’ Does Allah not know best those who are grateful? (53) When those who believe in Our signs come to you, say, ‘Peace be upon you. Your Lord has prescribed mercy for Himself: whoever among you commits an evil deed out of ignorance, then repents thereafter and reforms, then indeed He is Forgiving, Merciful.’ (54)”

His saying, Exalted is He, “Thus We test,” means: We try. “Some of them by means of others” refers to testing the wealthy by the poor, and the noble by the lowly. For when a noble person sees that a lowly person has preceded him in faith, he refuses to embrace Islam because of this; thus it becomes a trial for him. This is the meaning of His saying: “Are these the ones whom Allah has favored among us?” Allah Most High then said: “Does Allah not know best those who are grateful?” This answers their statement, “Are these the ones whom Allah has favored among us?” It is a rhetorical question intended as an affirmation; that is, Allah knows best who has shown gratitude for Islam, since Allah has guided him to it.

Imam Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us; Abu al-Abbas Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Harun al-Taysafuni informed us; Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Turabi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Bistam narrated to us; Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Sayyar al-Qurashi narrated to us; Musaddad informed us; Ja'far ibn Sulayman informed us, from al-Mu'alla ibn Ziyad, from al-Ala ibn Bashir al-Muzani, from Abu al-Siddiq al-Naji, from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, who said:

“I was sitting among a group of the poor Emigrants, some of whom were concealing themselves behind others because of their lack of clothing, while a reciter was reciting to us. Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, came and stood among us. When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, stood among us, the reciter fell silent. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, offered the greeting of peace and said, ‘What were you doing?’ We said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, a reciter was reciting to us, and we were listening to the Book of Allah Most High.’ The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘Praise be to Allah

﴿وَكَذَلِكَ فَتَنَّا بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لِيَقُولُوا أَهَؤُلَاءِ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ بَيْنِنَا أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِأَعْلَمَ بِالشَّاكِرِينَ (٥٣) وَإِذَا جَاءَكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا فَقُلْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنْكُمْ سُوءًا بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ تَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَنَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (٥٤) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ فَتَنَّا﴾ أَيِ: ابْتَلَيْنَا، ﴿بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ﴾ أَرَادَ ابْتِلَاءَ الْغَنِيِّ بِالْفَقِيرِ وَالشَّرِيفِ بِالْوَضِيعِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الشَّرِيفَ إِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَى الْوَضِيعِ قَدْ سَبَقَهُ بِالْإِيمَانِ امْتَنَعَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ بِسَبَبِهِ فَكَانَ فِتْنَةً لَهُ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿لِيَقُولُوا أَهَؤُلَاءِ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ بَيْنِنَا﴾ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِأَعْلَمَ بِالشَّاكِرِينَ﴾ فَهُوَ جَوَابٌ لِقَوْلِهِ ﴿أَهَؤُلَاءِ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ بَيْنِنَا﴾ فَهُوَ اسْتِفْهَامٌ بِمَعْنَى التَّقْرِيرِ، أَيِ: اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ شَكَرَ الْإِسْلَامَ إِذْ هَدَاهُ اللَّهُ ﷿. أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِي أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ الطَّيْسَفُونِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ التُّرَابِيُّ ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ بِسْطَامٍ ثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَيَّارٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ أَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ أَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الْمُعَلَّى بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ الْمُزَنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الصِّدِّيقِ النَّاجِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: جَلَسْتُ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ ضُعَفَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَإِنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ لِيَسْتَتِرُ بِبَعْضٍ مِنَ الْعُرْيِ، وَقَارِئٌ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْنَا إِذْ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَامَ عَلَيْنَا، فَلَمَّا قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَكَتَ الْقَارِئَ، فَسَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: "مَا كُنْتُمْ تَصْنَعُونَ؟ قُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَانَ قَارِئٌ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْنَا فَكُنَّا نَسْتَمِعُ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ