Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/146)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Salman and Khabbab ibn al-Aratt said: “This verse was revealed concerning us. Al-Aqra ibn Habis al-Tamimi, Uyaynah ibn Hisn al-Fazari, and others whose hearts were being won over came and found the Prophet sitting with Bilal, Suhayb, Ammar, and Khabbab, among a group of weak believers. When they saw them around him, they looked down on them. They approached him and said, ‘Messenger of Allah, if you would sit at the head of the gathering and keep these people and the smell of their cloaks away from us—for they wore woolen cloaks and had no other garments—we would sit with you and learn from you.’

“The Prophet said to them, ‘I will not drive away the believers.’ They said, ‘We would like you to set aside a gathering for us, through which the Arabs may recognize our standing. Delegations of Arabs come to you, and we are ashamed for the Arabs to see us with these slaves. So, whenever we come to you, make them leave us; and when we have finished, you may sit with them if you wish.’ He said, ‘Yes.’ They said, ‘Then write us a document binding you to this.’ So he called for a sheet and summoned Ali to write it.

“They said: While we were sitting off to one side, Gabriel came down with the words: ‘Do not drive away those who call upon their Lord morning and evening, seeking His countenance,’ up to His words: ‘…those who are grateful.’ The Messenger of Allah dropped the sheet from his hand, then called us, and we came to him while he was saying, ‘Peace be upon you. Your Lord has prescribed mercy for Himself.’

“We would sit with him, and when he wished to rise, he would rise and leave us. Then Allah, Exalted is He, revealed: ‘Patiently remain with those who call upon their Lord morning and evening, seeking His countenance’ (al-Kahf, 28). Thereafter, the Messenger of Allah would sit with us, and we would draw near to him until our knees almost touched his knee. When the time came for him to rise, we would rise and leave him until he rose. He would say to us, ‘All praise is due to Allah, who did not cause me to die before commanding me to remain patient with a people from among my community. With you I shall live, and with you I shall die.’” (1)

Al-Kalbi said: They said to him, “Set aside one day for us and one day for them.” He said, “I will not do so.” They said, “Then let there be one gathering, but turn toward us and turn your back to them.” So Allah, Exalted is He, revealed this verse: “Do not drive away those who call upon their Lord morning and evening.”

Mujahid said: Quraysh said, “Were it not for Bilal and Ibn Umm Abd, we would have pledged allegiance to Muhammad.” So Allah revealed this verse: “Do not drive away those who call upon their Lord morning and evening.” (2) Ibn Abbas said: This means that they worship their Lord morning and evening—that is, the dawn prayer and the afternoon prayer. It is also narrated from him that what is meant is the five daily prayers. This was because some poor people were with the Prophet, and some of the nobles said, “When we pray, make these people wait so that they may pray behind us.” Then the verse was revealed.

Mujahid said: “I performed the dawn prayer with Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib. When the imam pronounced the closing salutation, there was a rush—”

(1) Narrated by al-Tabari, 11:376-377; Ibn Majah, Book of Asceticism, no. 4127, 2:382-383. Al-Zawa'id states: “Its chain of transmission is sound, and its narrators are trustworthy.” Muslim and al-Nasai also narrated part of it from the hadith of Sad. See Sahih Muslim, Virtues of the Companions, no. 2413, 4:1887. Ibn Kathir cited it in his Tafsir, 2:136, and said: “This is a strange hadith, since this verse was revealed in Mecca, whereas al-Aqra ibn Habis and Uyaynah embraced Islam only long after the Hijrah.” This is not a valid reason to consider it strange, for when they made that statement, they were not yet Muslims. (2) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 3:274, to Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn Abi Shaybah, Ibn Jarir, Ibn al-Mundhir, and Ibn Abi Hatim.

قَالَ سَلْمَانُ وَخَبَّابُ بْنُ الْأَرَتِّ: فِينَا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، جَاءَ الْأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ التَّمِيمِيُّ وَعُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنٍ الْفَزَارِيُّ وَذَوُوهُمْ مِنَ الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ، فَوَجَدُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَاعِدًا مَعَ بِلَالٍ وَصُهَيْبٍ وَعَمَّارٍ وَخَبَّابٍ فِي نَاسٍ مِنْ ضُعَفَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُمْ حَوْلَهُ حَقَّرُوهُمْ، فَأَتَوْهُ فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ جَلَسْتَ فِي صَدْرِ الْمَجْلِسِ وَنَفَيْتَ عَنَّا هَؤُلَاءِ وَأَرْوَاحَ جِبَابِهِمْ، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ جِبَابٌ صُوفٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرُهَا، لَجَالَسْنَاكَ وَأَخَذْنَا عَنْكَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَهُمْ: "مَا أَنَا بِطَارِدِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ" قَالُوا فَإِنَّا نُحِبُّ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَنَا مِنْكَ مَجْلِسًا تَعْرِفُ بِهِ الْعَرَبُ فَضْلَنَا، فَإِنَّ وُفُودَ الْعَرَبِ تَأْتِيكَ فَنَسْتَحِي أَنْ تَرَانَا الْعَرَبُ مَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَعْبُدِ، فَإِذَا نَحْنُ جِئْنَاكَ فَأَقِمْهُمْ عَنَّا، فَإِذَا فَرَغْنَا فَاقْعُدْ مَعَهُمْ إِنْ شِئْتَ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالُوا: اكْتُبْ لَنَا عَلَيْكَ بِذَلِكَ كِتَابًا، قَالَ: فَدَعَا بِالصَّحِيفَةِ وَدَعَا عَلِيًّا لِيَكْتُبَ، قَالُوا وَنَحْنُ قُعُودٌ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ إِذْ نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَلَا تَطْرُدِ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ﴾ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿بِالشَّاكِرِينَ﴾ فَأَلْقَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الصَّحِيفَةَ مِنْ يَدِهِ، ثُمَّ دَعَانَا فَأَثْبَتُّهُ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: (سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ) ، فَكُنَّا نَقْعُدُ مَعَهُ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقُومَ قَامَ وَتَرَكَنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: (واصبر نفسك ممع الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ) (الْكَهْفِ، ٢٨) ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْعُدُ مَعَنَا بَعْدُ وَنَدْنُو مِنْهُ حَتَّى كَادَتْ رُكَبُنَا تَمَسُّ رُكْبَتَهُ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَ السَّاعَةَ الَّتِي يَقُومُ فِيهَا قُمْنَا وَتَرَكْنَاهُ حَتَّى يَقُومَ، وَقَالَ لَنَا: "الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُمِتْنِي حَتَّى أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُصَبِّرَ نَفْسِي مَعَ قَوْمٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِي، مَعَكُمُ الْمَحْيَا وَمَعَكُمُ الْمَمَاتُ" (١) . وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: قَالُوا لَهُ اجْعَلْ لَنَا يَوْمًا وَلَهُمْ يَوْمًا، فَقَالَ: لَا أَفْعَلُ، قَالُوا: فَاجْعَلِ الْمَجْلِسَ وَاحِدًا فَأَقْبِلْ إِلَيْنَا وَوَلِّ ظَهْرَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ﴿وَلَا تَطْرُدِ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: قَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ: لَوْلَا بِلَالٌ وَابْنُ أُمِّ عَبْدٍ لَبَايَعْنَا مُحَمَّدًا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ﴿وَلَا تَطْرُدِ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ﴾ (٢) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَعْنِي يَعْبُدُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ، يَعْنِي: صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ وَصَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ، وَيُرْوَى عَنْهُ: أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ مِنْهُ الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أُنَاسًا مِنَ الْفُقَرَاءِ كَانُوا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﵇، فَقَالَ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْأَشْرَافِ: إِذَا صَلَّيْنَا فَأَخِّرْ هَؤُلَاءِ فَلْيُصَلُّوا خَلْفَنَا، فَنَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: صَلَّيْتُ الصُّبْحَ مَعَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ الْإِمَامُ ابْتَدَرَ

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ١١ / ٣٧٦-٣٧٧، وابن ماجه في الزهد، برقم (٤١٢٧) : ٢ / ٣٨٢-٣٨٣ قال في الزوائد: إسناده صحيح، ورجاله ثقات، وقد روى مسلم والنسائي بعضه من حديث سعد، وانظر: صحيح مسلم، فضائل الصحابة، رقم (٢٤١٣) : ٤ / ١٨٨٧. وساقه ابن كثير في التفسير: ٢ / ١٣٦ وقال: هذا حديث غريب فإن هذه الآية مكية والأقرع بن حابس وعيينة إنما أسلما بعد الهجرة بدهر". ولا وجه لهذه الغرابة، فعندما قالا ذلك لم يكونا من المسلمين. (٢) عزاه السيوطي في الدر: ٣ / ٢٧٤ لعبد بن حميد وابن أبي شيبة وابن جرير وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم.