Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/145)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ibn ‘Abbas and al-Hasan said: “By night or by day.” “Would any be destroyed except the wrongdoing people?”—that is, the polytheists.

Allah, Exalted is He, says: “We do not send the messengers except as bearers of glad tidings and warners. So whoever believes and acts righteously, there shall be no fear for them when the people of the Fire are afraid, nor shall they grieve when they grieve.

“As for those who deny Our signs, punishment will touch them because of their defiant disobedience”—that is, because they disbelieve.

“Say, ‘I do not tell you that I possess the treasuries of Allah.’” This was revealed when they demanded signs, so He commanded him to say to them: “I do not tell you that I possess the treasuries of Allah,” meaning the treasuries of His provision, such that I could give you whatever you desire. “Nor do I know the unseen,” such that I could inform you of what has passed and what is yet to come; “nor do I tell you that I am an angel.” He said this because an angel is able to do what a human being cannot do and sees what a human being cannot see. That is, I do not claim any of this to you, lest you deny my words and reject my mission. “I follow only what is revealed to me”: that is, whatever I bring to you is from Allah’s revelation. This is not rationally impossible when conclusive evidence and decisive proofs have been established. “Say, ‘Are the blind and the seeing equal?’” Qatadah said: “The disbeliever and the believer.” Mujahid said: “The astray and the rightly guided.” It was also said: “The ignorant and the knowledgeable.” “Will you not then reflect?” That is, they are not equal.

“And warn thereby those who fear that they will be gathered before their Lord, having no protector or intercessor apart from Him, so that they may be mindful of Allah. (51) And do not dismiss those who call upon their Lord morning and evening, seeking His countenance. You are not accountable for them in the least, nor are they accountable for you in the least. If you were to dismiss them, you would then be among the wrongdoers. (52)”

Allah, Exalted is He, says: “And warn thereby”: frighten them thereby, that is, by the Quran, “those who fear that they will be gathered”—assembled and raised up—before their Lord. It was also said that “fear” here means “know,” because their fear arose from their knowledge. “Having no protector apart from Him”: apart from Allah; “nor an intercessor”: one who can intercede for them, “so that they may be mindful of Allah,” and thus refrain from what they have been forbidden. Intercession by others besides Him was negated—although the prophets and the righteous servants of Allah will intercede—because they intercede only by His permission.

“And do not dismiss those who call upon their Lord morning and evening.” Ibn ‘Amir recited it as bil-ghudwah, with a dammah on the ghayn, a sukūn on the dāl, and a wāw after it, here and in Surat al-Kahf. The other reciters read it with a fathah on the ghayn and dāl, and an alif after it.

ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَالْحَسَنُ لَيْلًا أَوْ نَهَارًا، ﴿هَلْ يُهْلَكُ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الظَّالِمُونَ﴾ الْمُشْرِكُونَ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ﴾ الْعَمَلَ، ﴿فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ حِينَ يَخَافُ أَهْلُ النَّارِ، ﴿وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ﴾ إِذَا حَزِنُوا. ﴿وَالَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يَمَسُّهُمُ﴾ يُصِيبُهُمْ ﴿الْعَذَابُ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ﴾ يَكْفُرُونَ. ﴿قُلْ لَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي خَزَائِنُ اللَّهِ﴾ نَزَلَ حِينَ اقْتَرَحُوا الْآيَاتِ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ لَهُمْ: ﴿لَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي خَزَائِنُ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ خَزَائِنُ رِزْقِهِ فَأُعْطِيكُمْ مَا تُرِيدُونَ، ﴿وَلَا أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ﴾ فَأُخْبِرُكُمْ بِمَا غَابَ مِمَّا مَضَى وَمِمَّا سَيَكُونُ، ﴿وَلَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ إِنِّي مَلَكٌ﴾ قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْمَلَكَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى مَا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ الْآدَمِيُّ وَيُشَاهِدُ مَا لَا يُشَاهِدُهُ الْآدَمِيُّ، يُرِيدُ لَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَتُنْكِرُونَ قَوْلِي وَتَجْحَدُونَ أَمْرِي، ﴿إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَى إِلَيَّ﴾ أَيْ: مَا آتِيكُمْ بِهِ فَمِنْ وَحْيِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَذَلِكَ غَيْرُ مُسْتَحِيلٍ فِي الْعَقْلِ مَعَ قِيَامِ الدَّلِيلِ وَالْحُجَجِ الْبَالِغَةِ، ﴿قُلْ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمَى وَالْبَصِيرُ﴾ ؟ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: الْكَافِرُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: الضَّالُّ وَالْمُهْتَدِي، وَقِيلَ: الْجَاهِلُ وَالْعَالِمُ، ﴿أَفَلَا تَتَفَكَّرُونَ﴾ أَيْ: أَنَّهُمَا لَا يَسْتَوِيَانِ. ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ بِهِ الَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ أَنْ يُحْشَرُوا إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ وَلِيٌّ وَلَا شَفِيعٌ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ (٥١) وَلَا تَطْرُدِ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ مَا عَلَيْكَ مِنْ حِسَابِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ وَمَا مِنْ حِسَابِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَتَطْرُدَهُمْ فَتَكُونَ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ (٥٢) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَأَنْذِرْ بِهِ﴾ خَوِّفْ بِهِ أَيْ: بِالْقُرْآنِ، ﴿الَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ أَنْ يُحْشَرُوا﴾ يُجْمَعُوا وَيُبْعَثُوا إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ، وَقِيلَ: يَخَافُونَ أَيْ يَعْلَمُونَ، لِأَنَّ خَوْفَهُمْ إِنَّمَا كَانَ مِنْ عِلْمِهِمْ، ﴿لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ﴾ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ، ﴿وَلِيٌّ﴾ قَرِيبٌ يَنْفَعُهُمْ، ﴿وَلَا شَفِيعٌ﴾ يَشْفَعُ لَهُمْ، ﴿لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ﴾ فَيَنْتَهُونَ عَمَّا نُهُوا عَنْهُ، وَإِنَّمَا نَفَى الشَّفَاعَةَ لِغَيْرِهِ -مَعَ أَنَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ وَالْأَوْلِيَاءَ يَشْفَعُونَ -لِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَشْفَعُونَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ. ﴿وَلَا تَطْرُدِ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ "بِالْغُدْوَةِ" بِضَمِّ الْغَيْنِ وَسُكُونِ الدَّالِ وَوَاوٍ بَعْدَهَا، هَاهُنَا وَفِي سُورَةِ الْكَهْفِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ: بِفَتْحِ الْعَيْنِ وَالدَّالِ وَأَلِفٍ بَعْدَهَا.