Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/144)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

The mublis is the remorseful, sorrowful person. The root sense of iblās is to lower one’s head out of grief and remorse. ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Amir reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “When you see Allah giving a servant what he loves while he persists in his sin, that is only gradual enticement.” He then recited, “When they forgot what they had been reminded of,” to the end of the verse. (1)

“And so the last remnant of the wrongdoing people was cut off”: that is, their last members—[those who were behind them. It is said, “So-and-so comes behind a people,” when he is their last member.] (2) This means that they were eradicated by the punishment, leaving no one remaining among them. “And all praise is for Allah, Lord of all worlds.” Allah praised Himself for cutting off their last remnant, because this was a blessing for the messengers. He mentioned praise of Allah in order to teach them and those who believed in them to praise Allah for sparing them from the evil of the wrongdoers, and so that Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his Companions would praise their Lord when He destroys the deniers.

Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Say, ‘Have you considered, O polytheists: if Allah were to take away your hearing,” so that you could hear nothing at all, “and your sight,” so that you could see nothing, “and seal your hearts,” so that you could understand nothing and know nothing of the worldly matters you presently know, “what god other than Allah could restore them to you?’” Although several things are mentioned, He did not say “restore them” in the plural. It has been said that the meaning is: restore to you what was taken from you. It has also been said that the pronoun refers back to hearing, which was mentioned first, while the rest is included under it—just as Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Yet Allah and His Messenger are more worthy of their seeking to please Him” (al-Tawbah, 62). Thus, the pronoun refers to Allah, while pleasing His Messenger is included in pleasing Allah, Exalted is He. “See how We set forth the signs in diverse ways”: that is, We make clear to them the evidences pointing to monotheism and prophethood. “Yet they still turn away”: they turn away from them, denying them.

“Say, ‘Have you considered: if Allah’s punishment came upon you suddenly or openly, would any be destroyed except the wrongdoing people?’ (47) We do not send the messengers except as bearers of glad tidings and warners. So whoever believes and reforms—there shall be no fear for them, nor shall they grieve. (48) As for those who deny Our signs, punishment will touch them because of their defiant disobedience. (49) Say, ‘I do not tell you that I possess the treasuries of Allah, nor do I know the unseen, nor do I tell you that I am an angel. I follow only what is revealed to me.’ Say, ‘Are the blind and the seeing equal? Will you not then reflect?’ (50)”

“Say, ‘Have you considered: if Allah’s punishment came upon you suddenly’”: unexpectedly, “or openly”: visibly, such that you see it as it descends. He said:

(1) Reported by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 4:145. Its chain includes Rushdayn ibn Sa'd, who is weak. Al-Haythami said in Majma' al-Zawa'id, 10:245: “It was narrated by al-Tabarani in al-Awsat from his shaykh al-Walid ibn al-Abbas al-Misri, who is weak.” Elsewhere, 7:20, he attributed it to Ahmad and al-Tabarani. (2) The text within the brackets is an addition from manuscript “B.”

الْمُبْلِسُ النَّادِمُ الْحَزِينُ، وَأَصْلُ الْإِبْلَاسِ: الْإِطْرَاقُ مِنَ الْحُزْنِ وَالنَّدَمِ، وَرَوَى عُقْبَةُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: (إِذَا رَأَيْتَ اللَّهَ يُعْطِي الْعَبْدَ مَا يُحِبُّ وَهُوَ مُقِيمٌ عَلَى مَعْصِيَتِهِ، فَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ اسْتِدْرَاجٌ) ، ثُمَّ تَلَا "فَلَمَّا نَسُوا مَا ذُكِّرُوا بِهِ" الْآيَةَ (١) . ﴿فَقُطِعَ دَابِرُ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا﴾ أَيْ: آخِرُهُمْ [الَّذِينَ بِدُبُرِهِمْ، يُقَالُ: دَبَرَ فُلَانٌ الْقَوْمَ يَدْبُرُهُمْ دَبْرًا وَدُبُورًا إِذَا كَانَ آخِرَهُمْ] (٢) وَمَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُمُ اسْتُؤْصِلُوا بِالْعَذَابِ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُمْ بَاقِيَةٌ، ﴿وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ حَمِدَ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى أَنْ قَطَعَ دَابِرَهُمْ لِأَنَّهُ نِعْمَةٌ عَلَى الرُّسُلِ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَمْدَ لِلَّهِ تَعْلِيمًا لَهُمْ وَلِمَنْ آمَنَ بِهِمْ، أَنْ يَحْمَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى كِفَايَتِهِ شَرَّ الظَّالِمِينَ، وَلِيَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ رَبَّهُمْ إِذَا أَهْلَكَ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ﴾ أَيُّهَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ، ﴿إِنْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ سَمْعَكُمْ﴾ حَتَّى لَا تَسْمَعُوا شَيْئًا أَصْلًا ﴿وَأَبْصَارَكُمْ﴾ حَتَّى لَا تُبْصِرُوا شَيْئًا، ﴿وَخَتَمَ عَلَى قُلُوبِكُمْ﴾ حَتَّى لَا تَفْقَهُوا شَيْئًا وَلَا تَعْرِفُوا مِمَّا تَعْرِفُونَ مِنْ أُمُورِ الدُّنْيَا، ﴿مَنْ إِلَهٌ غَيْرُ اللَّهِ يَأْتِيكُمْ بِهِ﴾ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ بِهَا مَعَ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ أَشْيَاءَ، قِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ يَأْتِيكُمْ بِمَا أُخِذَ مِنْكُمْ، وَقِيلَ: الْكِنَايَةُ تَرْجِعُ إِلَى السَّمْعِ الَّذِي ذُكِرَ أَوَّلًا وَيَنْدَرِجُ غَيْرُهُ تَحْتَهُ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: (وَاللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُرْضُوهُ) (التَّوْبَةِ، ٦٢) . فَالْهَاءُ رَاجِعَةٌ إِلَى اللَّهِ، وَرِضَى رَسُولِهِ يَنْدَرِجُ فِي رِضَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، ﴿انْظُرْ كَيْفَ نُصَرِّفُ الْآيَاتِ﴾ أَيْ: نُبَيِّنُ لَهُمُ الْعَلَامَاتِ الدَّالَّةَ عَلَى التَّوْحِيدِ وَالنُّبُوَّةِ، ﴿ثُمَّ هُمْ يَصْدِفُونَ﴾ يُعْرِضُونَ عَنْهَا مُكَذِّبِينَ. ﴿قُلْ أَرَأَيْتَكُمْ إِنْ أَتَاكُمْ عَذَابُ اللَّهِ بَغْتَةً أَوْ جَهْرَةً هَلْ يُهْلَكُ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الظَّالِمُونَ (٤٧) وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (٤٨) وَالَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يَمَسُّهُمُ الْعَذَابُ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ (٤٩) قُلْ لَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي خَزَائِنُ اللَّهِ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ وَلَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ إِنِّي مَلَكٌ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَى إِلَيَّ قُلْ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمَى وَالْبَصِيرُ أَفَلَا تَتَفَكَّرُونَ (٥٠) ﴾ ﴿قُلْ أَرَأَيْتَكُمْ إِنْ أَتَاكُمْ عَذَابُ اللَّهِ بَغْتَةً﴾ فَجْأَةً، ﴿أَوْ جَهْرَةً﴾ مُعَايَنَةً تَرَوْنَهُ عِنْدَ نُزُولِهِ، قَالَ

(١) أخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند: ٤ / ١٤٥، وفيه رشدين بن سعد، وهو ضعيف، وقال الهيثمي في المجمع: ١٠ / ٢٤٥ "رواه الطبراني في الأوسط عن شيخه الوليد بن العباس المصري وهو ضعيف" وعزاه في موضع آخر: ٧ / ٢٠ لأحمد والطبراني. (٢) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب".