Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/134)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Bishr al-Naqqash narrated to us; Abu Shuʿayb al-Harrani narrated to us; Yahya ibn ʿAbd Allah ibn al-Dahhak al-Babili narrated to us; al-Awzaʿi narrated to me from Hassan ibn ʿAtiyyah, from Abu Kabshah al-Saluli (1), from ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿAmr, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Convey from me, even if only a single verse. Relate from the Children of Israel, and there is no harm in doing so. But whoever deliberately lies about me, let him take his place in the Fire.” (2)

Abu al-Hasan ʿAbd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us; ʿAbd al-ʿAziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-ʿAbbas al-Asamm narrated to us; al-Rabiʿ narrated to us; al-Shafiʿi narrated to us; Sufyan ibn ʿUyaynah narrated to us from ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr, from ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn ʿAbd Allah ibn Masʿud, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “May Allah grant radiance to a servant who hears my words, preserves them, comprehends them, and conveys them. For perhaps one who carries knowledge is not himself learned, and perhaps one who carries knowledge conveys it to one more learned than himself. There are three matters concerning which a Muslim’s heart bears no rancor: sincerity in deeds for Allah, giving sincere counsel to the Muslims, and adhering to their community, for their supplication encompasses those behind them.” (3)

Muqatil said: Whoever among jinn and mankind receives the Quran, it serves as a warning for him. Muhammad ibn Kaʿb al-Qurazi said: Whoever receives the Quran is as though he had seen Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and heard directly from him.

“Do you truly testify that there are other gods alongside Allah?” He did not say “others” in the masculine form, because a plural takes the feminine form, as in His saying, glorified and exalted is He: “To Allah belong the Most Beautiful Names, so call upon Him by them” (al-Aʿraf, 180); and: “What, then, is the case of the former generations?” (Ta-Ha, 51).

“Say,” O Muhammad: if you testify, then “I do not testify” that there is any god alongside Him. “Say, ‘He is only one God, and indeed I am free of what you associate with Him.’”

His saying, glorified and exalted is He: “Those to whom We have given the Scripture”—meaning the Torah and the Gospel—“recognize him,” meaning Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, by his description and characteristics, “as they recognize their own sons,” among other boys. “Those who have lost themselves”: they have brought loss upon themselves; “so they will not believe.” This is because Allah has assigned every human being an abode in Paradise and an abode in the Fire. When the Day of Resurrection comes, Allah will give the believers the abodes of the people of the Fire in Paradise, and He will give the people of the Fire the abodes of the people of Paradise in the Fire. That is the loss.

(1) In manuscript B: “al-Salwi.” (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in The Prophets, chapter: “What Has Been Mentioned concerning the Children of Israel,” 6:496; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:243. (3) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi in Knowledge, chapter: “Encouragement to Convey What One Has Heard,” with similar wording, 7:417-418. He said: “This hadith is hasan sahih (sound and authentic).” It was also recorded by Ibn Majah in the Introduction, chapter: “One Who Conveys Knowledge,” no. 236, 1:86; al-Darimi in the Introduction, chapter: “The Disapproval of Adopting Personal Opinion,” 1:75; al-Shafii in Kitab al-Ilm (The Book of Knowledge), 1:16; Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 3:225, on the authority of Anas; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:236. Shaykh Abd al-Muhsin al-Abbad has written a hadith and fiqh study of the hadith, “May Allah brighten a man ...,” published in 1401 AH by al-Rashid Press in Madinah.

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ النَّقَّاشُ أَنَا أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ أَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الضَّحَّاكِ الْبَابِلِيُّ أَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي حَسَّانُ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ [السَّلُولِيِّ] (١) عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "بَلِّغُوا عَنِّي وَلَوْ آيَةً، وَحَدِّثُوا عَنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَلَا حَرَجَ وَمَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَيَّ متعمدا فليتبوأ معقده مِنَ النَّارِ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أَنَا الرَّبِيعُ أَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ أَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "نَضَّرَ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا سَمِعَ مَقَالَتِي فَحَفِظَهَا وَوَعَاهَا وَأَدَّاهَا. فَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ غَيْرِ فَقِيهٍ، وَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَفْقَهُ مِنْهُ، ثَلَاثٌ لَا يُغِلُّ عَلَيْهِنَّ قَلْبُ مُسْلِمٍ: إِخْلَاصُ الْعَمَلِ لِلَّهِ، وَالنَّصِيحَةُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلُزُومُ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ، فَإِنَّ دَعْوَتَهُمْ تُحِيطُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ" (٣) . قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: مَنْ بَلَغَهُ الْقُرْآنُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ فَهُوَ نَذِيرٌ لَهُ، وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ: مَنْ بَلَغَهُ الْقُرْآنُ فَكَأَنَّمَا رَأَى مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ وَسَمِعَ مِنْهُ، أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَشْهَدُونِ أَنَّ مَعَ اللَّهِ آلِهَةً أُخْرَى؟ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ أُخَرَ لِأَنَّ الْجَمْعَ يَلْحَقُهُ التَّأْنِيثُ، كَقَوْلِهِ ﷿: (وَلِلَّهِ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى فَادْعُوهُ بِهَا) (الْأَعْرَافِ، ١٨٠) ، وَقَالَ: (فَمَا بَالُ الْقُرُونِ الْأُولَى) . (طه، ٥١) ﴿قُلْ﴾ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنْ شَهِدْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ، فَـ ﴿لَا أَشْهَدُ﴾ ، أَنَا أَنَّ مَعَهُ إِلَهًا، ﴿قُلْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ وَإِنَّنِي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ﴾ ، يَعْنِي: التَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ، ﴿يَعْرِفُونَهُ﴾ ، يَعْنِي: مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ بِنَعْتِهِ وَصِفَتِهِ، ﴿كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ﴾ ، مِنْ بَيْنِ الصِّبْيَانِ. ﴿الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ﴾ ، غَبَنُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ ﴿فَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ لِكُلِّ آدَمِيٍّ مَنْزِلًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَمَنْزِلًا فِي النَّارِ، وَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَنَازِلَ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَلِأَهْلِ النَّارِ مَنَازِلَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فِي النَّارِ، وَذَلِكَ الْخُسْرَانُ.

(١) في "ب": (السلوي) . (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الأنبياء، باب ما ذكر عن بني إسرائيل: ٦ / ٤٩٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٢٤٣. (٣) أخرجه الترمذي في العلم، باب الحث على تبليغ السماع، بنحوه، ٧ / ٤١٧-٤١٨ وقال: هذا حديث حسن صحيح، وابن ماجه في المقدمة، باب من بلّغ علما، برقم (٢٣٦) : ١ / ٨٦، والدارمي في المقدمة، باب كراهية أخذ الرأي: ١ / ٧٥، والشافعي في كتاب العلم: ١ / ١٦، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٣ / ٢٢٥ عن أنس، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٢٣٦، وللشيخ عبد المحسن العباد دراسة حديثية وفقهية لحديث "نضر الله امرأ ... " طبع عام ١٤٠١هـ بمطابع الرشيد بالمدينة المنورة.