Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/132)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Muhammad, “Should I take a protector other than Allah—[a Lord, an object of worship, a supporter, and a helper] (1)—the Originator of the heavens and the earth, while He feeds and is not fed?” That is, He is their Creator, the One who brought them forth and originated them. “He feeds and is not fed”: that is, He provides and is not provided for, as He said: “I seek no provision from them, nor do I ask that they feed Me.” “Say, ‘I have been commanded to be the first of those who submit.’” That is, of this community. Islam here means submitting to Allah’s command; it has also been said that to submit means to be sincere. “And do not be”: that is, I was also told, “Do not be among the polytheists.”

“Say, ‘Indeed, I fear, should I disobey my Lord, the punishment of a tremendous Day.’ (15) Whoever is spared it on that Day has surely been shown mercy. That is the manifest triumph. (16) If Allah afflicts you with hardship, none can remove it but Him; and if He grants you good, then He is Most Capable of all things. (17)”

“Say, ‘Indeed, I fear, should I disobey my Lord’”—by worshipping another besides Him—“the punishment of a tremendous Day”: that is, the punishment of the Day of Resurrection.

“Whoever is spared it”: that is, whoever has the punishment turned away from him. Hamzah, al-Kisa’i, Abu Bakr in his transmission from Asim, and Ya‘qub recited it as “whoever Allah turns the punishment away from,” with the initial letter pronounced with a fathah and the final verb letter with a kasrah, as indicated by His saying, “has surely been shown mercy.” The others recited it in the passive voice, with the initial letter pronounced with a dammah and the final verb letter with a fathah. “On that Day”: that is, on the Day of Resurrection. “He has surely been shown mercy. That is the manifest triumph”: that is, evident salvation.

His saying, glorified and exalted is He, “If Allah afflicts you with hardship”: with distress or calamity, “none can remove it”: none can lift it, “but Him. And if He grants you good”: well-being and blessing, “then He is Most Capable of all things”: both good and harm.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Abdullah al-Sulami informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; Ahmad ibn Shayban al-Ramli informed us; Abdullah ibn Maymun al-Qaddah informed us; Shihab ibn Khirash—[the son of Abdullah] (3)—informed us, from Abd al-Malik ibn Umayr, from Ibn Abbas, who said: A mule was given as a gift to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, by Khosrow. He rode it using a rope made of hair, then seated me behind him. He travelled with me for a while, then turned to me and said, “Young man!” I replied, “At your service, O Messenger of Allah.” He said: “Be mindful of Allah, and He will protect you. Be mindful of Allah, and you will find Him before you. Know Allah in times of ease, and He will know you in times of hardship. When you ask, ask Allah; and when you seek help, seek Allah’s help. The Pen has already recorded what is to be. Were all created beings to strive to benefit you with something Allah had not decreed

(1) Added from manuscript B. (2) Added from manuscript B. (3) Added from manuscript B.

مُحَمَّدُ أَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَتَّخِذُ وَلِيًّا، [رَبًّا وَمَعْبُودًا وَنَاصِرًا وَمُعِينًا] (١) ؟ ﴿فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ﴾ أَيْ: خَالِقِهِمَا وَمُبْدِعِهِمَا وَمُبْتَدِيهِمَا، ﴿وَهُوَ يُطْعِمُ وَلَا يُطْعَمُ﴾ أَيْ: وَهُوَ يَرْزُقُ وَلَا يُرْزَقُ كَمَا قَالَ: (مَا أُرِيدُ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ رِزْقٍ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ يُطْعِمُونِ) . ﴿قُلْ إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ﴾ يَعْنِي: مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، وَالْإِسْلَامُ بِمَعْنَى الْاسْتِسْلَامِ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ، وَقِيلَ: أَسْلَمَ أَخْلَصَ، ﴿وَلَا تَكُونَنَّ﴾ يَعْنِي: وَقِيلَ لِي وَلَا تَكُونَنَّ، ﴿مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ﴾ ﴿قُلْ إِنِّي أَخَافُ إِنْ عَصَيْتُ رَبِّي عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ (١٥) مَنْ يُصْرَفْ عَنْهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَقَدْ رَحِمَهُ وَذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْمُبِينُ (١٦) وَإِنْ يَمْسَسْكَ اللَّهُ بِضُرٍّ فَلَا كَاشِفَ لَهُ إِلَّا هُوَ وَإِنْ يَمْسَسْكَ بِخَيْرٍ فَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (١٧) ﴾ ﴿قُلْ إِنِّي أَخَافُ إِنْ عَصَيْتُ رَبِّي﴾ [فَعَبَدْتُ غَيْرَهُ] (٢) ﴿عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ﴾ يَعْنِي: عَذَابَ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ. ﴿مَنْ يُصْرَفْ عَنْهُ﴾ يَعْنِي: مَنْ يُصْرَفِ الْعَذَابُ عَنْهُ، قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ وَيَعْقُوبَ " يَصْرِفُ " بِفَتْحِ الْيَاءِ وَكَسْرِ الرَّاءِ، أَيْ: مَنْ يَصْرِفُ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ الْعَذَابَ، لِقَوْلِهِ: "فَقَدْ رَحِمَهُ" وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِضَمِّ الْيَاءِ وَفَتْحِ الرَّاءِ، ﴿يَوْمَئِذٍ﴾ يَعْنِي: يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، ﴿فَقَدْ رَحِمَهُ وَذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْمُبِينُ﴾ أَيِ: النَّجَاةُ الْبَيِّنَةُ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ يَمْسَسْكَ اللَّهُ بِضُرٍّ﴾ بِشِدَّةٍ وَبَلِيَّةٍ، ﴿فَلَا كَاشِفَ لَهُ﴾ لَا رَافِعَ، ﴿إِلَّا هُوَ وَإِنْ يَمْسَسْكَ بِخَيْرٍ﴾ عَافِيَةٍ وَنِعْمَةٍ، ﴿فَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَالضُّرِّ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السُّلَمِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ الرَّمْلِيُّ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ الْقَدَّاحُ أَنَا شِهَابُ بْنُ خِرَاشٍ، [هُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ] (٣) عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أُهْدِيَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَغْلَةٌ، أَهْدَاهَا لَهُ كِسْرَى فَرَكِبَهَا بِحَبْلٍ مِنْ شَعْرٍ، ثُمَّ أَرْدَفَنِي خَلْفَهُ، ثُمَّ سَارَ بِي مَلِيًّا ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ: يَا غُلَامُ، فَقُلْتُ: لَبَّيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: "احْفَظِ اللَّهَ يَحْفَظْكَ، احْفَظِ اللَّهَ تَجِدْهُ أَمَامَكَ، تَعَرَّفْ إِلَى اللَّهِ فِي الرَّخَاءِ يَعْرِفْكَ فِي الشِّدَّةِ، وَإِذَا سَأَلَتْ فَاسْأَلِ اللَّهَ، وَإِذَا اسْتَعَنْتَ فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى الْقَلَمُ بِمَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ، فَلَوْ جَهِدَ الْخَلَائِقُ أَنْ يَنْفَعُوكَ بِمَا لَمْ يَقْضِهِ اللَّهُ

(١) زيادة من "ب". (٢) زيادة من "ب". (٣) زيادة من "ب".