Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/131)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Shaykh Abu al-Qasim Abdullah ibn Ali al-Kurkani informed us; Abu Tahir al-Ziyadi informed us; Hajib ibn Ahmad al-Tusi informed us; Abd al-Rahman al-Marwazi informed us; Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak informed us; Abd al-Malik ibn Abi Sulayman informed us, from Ata’ ibn Abi Rabah, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah has allotted one mercy among the jinn, humankind, animals, and insects. Through it they show affection to one another, through it they show one another mercy, and through it wild beasts show tenderness to their young. And Allah has held back ninety-nine mercies, by which He will show mercy to His servants on the Day of Resurrection.” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf told us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil told us; Ibn Abi Maryam told us; Abu Ghassan told us; Zayd ibn Aslam narrated to me from his father, from Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: Some captives were brought to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. Among them was a woman whose breasts were flowing with milk. Whenever she found an infant among the captives, she would take him, press him to her breast, and nurse him. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to us: “Do you think this woman would cast her child into the Fire?” We said: “No, not while she is able to prevent it.” He said: “Allah is more merciful to His servants than this woman is to her child.” (2)

His saying, glorified and exalted is He, “He will surely gather you”—the lām here is the lām of an oath, and the nūn is the nūn of emphasis. Its sense is: By Allah, He will surely gather you. “For the Day of Resurrection”: that is, on the Day of Resurrection. It has also been said that it means: He will gather you in your graves until the Day of Resurrection. “About which there is no doubt. Those who have lost themselves”: that is, they have brought loss upon themselves. “They do not believe.”

“And to Him belongs whatever dwells in the night and the day”: that is, whatever remains and settles. It has been said that what is meant is both whatever is still and whatever moves, as in His saying: “Garments that protect you from the heat”—that is, from both heat and cold. It has also been said that stillness was mentioned specifically because the blessing it affords is greater. Muhammad ibn Jarir said: Everything over which the sun rises and sets is among those that dwell in the night and the day; what is meant is all that is in the earth. It has also been said that its meaning is: whatever the night and day pass over. “And He is the All-Hearing,” of their voices, “the All-Knowing,” of their secrets.

“Say, ‘Should I take a protector other than Allah, the Originator of the heavens and the earth, while He feeds and is not fed?’ Say, ‘I have been commanded to be the first of those who submit, and do not be among the polytheists.’ (14)”

His saying, Most High, “Say, ‘Should I take a protector other than Allah?’” This was when he was called to 116/b the religion of his forefathers. So He, exalted is He, said: “Say, O …”

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Adab (The Book of Manners), in the chapter “Allah has placed mercy into one hundred parts,” 10/431; by Muslim in Kitab al-Tawbah (The Book of Repentance), at the previous reference, no. 2752, 4/2108; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14/377. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Adab, in the chapter on showing mercy to, kissing, and embracing one's child, 10/426-427; by Muslim in Kitab al-Tawbah, in the same place, no. 2754, 4/2109; and by the compiler, 14/379.

أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكُرْكَانِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الزِّيَادَيُّ أَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطُّوسِيُّ أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ أَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ لِلَّهِ رَحْمَةً وَاحِدَةً بَيْنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ وَالْبَهَائِمِ وَالْهَوَامِ، فَبِهَا يَتَعَاطَفُونَ، وَبِهَا يَتَرَاحَمُونَ، وَبِهَا تَتَعَاطَفُ الْوُحُوشُ عَلَى أَوْلَادِهَا، وَأَخَّرَ اللَّهُ تِسْعًا وَتِسْعِينَ رَحْمَةً يَرْحَمُ بِهَا عِبَادَهَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ثَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ حَدَّثَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ﵃ قَالَ: قَدِمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ سَبْيٌ فَإِذَا امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ السَّبْيِ قَدْ تَحَلَّبَ ثَدْيُهَا، تَسْعَى إِذَا وَجَدَتْ صَبِيًّا فِي السَّبْيِ أَخَذَتْهُ فَأَلْصَقَتْهُ بِبَطْنِهَا وَأَرْضَعَتْهُ، فَقَالَ لَنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "أَتَرَوْنَ هَذِهِ طَارِحَةً وَلَدَهَا فِي النَّارِ؟ فَقُلْنَا: لَا وَهِيَ تَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تَطْرَحَهُ، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُ أَرْحَمُ بِعِبَادِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ بِوَلَدِهَا" (٢) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿لَيَجْمَعَنَّكُمْ﴾ اللَّامُ فِيهِ لَامُ الْقَسَمِ وَالنُّونُ نُونُ التَّأْكِيدِ مَجَازُهُ: وَاللَّهِ لَيَجْمَعَنَّكُمْ، ﴿إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ أَيْ: فِي يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ لَيَجْمَعَنَّكُمْ فِي قُبُورِكُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، ﴿لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا﴾ غَبِنُوا، ﴿أَنْفُسَهُمْ فَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ ﴿وَلَهُ مَا سَكَنَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ﴾ أَيِ: اسْتَقَرَّ، قِيلَ: أَرَادَ مَا سَكَنَ وَمَا تَحَرَّكَ، كَقَوْلِهِ: (سَرَابِيلَ تَقِيكُمُ الْحَرَّ) أَيِ: الْحَرَّ وَالْبَرْدَ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّمَا خَصَّ السُّكُونَ بِالذِّكْرِ لِأَنَّ النِّعْمَةَ فِيهِ أَكْثَرُ، قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ: كُلُّ مَا طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ وَغَرَبَتْ فَهُوَ مِنْ سَاكِنِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ، وَالْمُرَادُ مِنْهُ جَمِيعُ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ. وَقِيلَ مَعْنَاهُ: مَا يَمُرُّ عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ، ﴿وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ﴾ لِأَصْوَاتِهِمْ، ﴿الْعَلِيمُ﴾ بِأَسْرَارِهِمْ. ﴿قُلْ أَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَتَّخِذُ وَلِيًّا فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ يُطْعِمُ وَلَا يُطْعَمُ قُلْ إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَلَا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (١٤) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿قُلْ أَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَتَّخِذُ وَلِيًّا﴾ ؟ وَهَذَا حِينَ دعا إلى ١١٦/ب دِينِ آبَائِهِ، فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: قُلْ يَا

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب جعل الله الرحمة في مائة جزء: ١٠ / ٤٣١، ومسلم في التوبة، في الموضع السابق (٢٧٥٢) : ٢١٠٨٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٧٧. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب رحمة الولد وتقبيله ومعانقته: ١٠ / ٤٢٦-٤٢٧، ومسلم في التوبة في الموضع نفسه برقم (٢٧٥٤) : ٤ / ٢١٠٩، والمصنف: ١٤ / ٣٧٩.