Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/122)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

or such-and-such?” although he knows that he did not do it—so as to make it known and emphasize its enormity, not to seek information or ask a question.

Moreover, Allah, exalted is He, intended that Jesus (1) acknowledge his own servitude, so that his people would hear it and their lie against him—that he had commanded them to do this—would be exposed. Abu Rawq said: When Jesus, peace be upon him, heard this address, his joints trembled, and from the root of every hair on his body a spring of blood burst forth. Then, replying to Allah, exalted is He, he says: “Glory be to You!”—declaring You far above all imperfection and magnifying You. “It was not for me to say what I had no right to say. Had I said it, You would surely have known it. You know what is within me, whereas I do not know what is within Yourself.” Ibn Abbas said: “You know what is hidden from me, but I do not know what is hidden from You.” It was also said that it means: “You know my secret, but I do not know Your secret.” Abu Rawq said: “You know what came from me in the abode of this world, but I do not know what will come from You in the Hereafter.” Al-Zajjaj said: The self refers to the entirety and reality of a thing. That is, “You know everything that I know concerning the reality of my affair, while I do not know the reality of Your affair.” “Indeed, You alone are the Knower of all unseen”—what has been and what will be.

“I told them nothing except what You commanded me: ‘Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.’ I was a witness over them as long as I remained among them; but when You took me, You were the Watcher over them. And You are a Witness over all things. (117)”

“I told them nothing except what You commanded me: ‘Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord’”: affirm His oneness (2) and do not associate anything with Him. “I was a witness over them as long as I remained”: that is, as long as I stayed, “among them. But when You took me”: when You took me and raised me up to Yourself, “You were the Watcher over them”—the Protector over them, preserving their deeds. “And You are a Witness over all things.”

Allah Most High says: “If You punish them, they are Your servants; but if You forgive them, then You alone are the Almighty, the All-Wise.” If it is asked: How could he seek forgiveness for them when they were disbelievers? And how could he say, “But if You forgive them, then You alone are the Almighty, the All-Wise,” when this does not befit a request for forgiveness?

It is said: As for the first matter, its meaning is: If You punish them because they persist in their disbelief, and if You forgive them after they have believed. This is sound according to the view of al-Suddi, that this question took place before the Day of Resurrection, because faith will not avail on the Day of Resurrection.

It was also said: This concerns two groups among them. Its meaning is: If You punish those of them who disbelieved, and if You forgive those of them who believed.

It was also said: This is not a request for forgiveness. Had it been so, he would have said: “Indeed, You are the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.” Rather, it expresses surrendering the matter and entrusting it to His will.

(1) Added from manuscript B. (2) Omitted in manuscript B.

وَكَذَا؟ فِيمَا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَفْعَلْهُ، إِعْلَامًا وَاسْتِعْظَامًا لَا اسْتِخْبَارًا وَاسْتِفْهَامًا. وَأَيْضًا: أَرَادَ اللَّهُ ﷿ أَنْ يُقِرَّ [عِيسَى ﵇ عَنْ] (١) نَفْسِهِ بِالْعُبُودِيَّةِ، فَيَسْمَعُ قَوْمُهُ، وَيَظْهَرُ كَذِبُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ أَمْرَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ، قَالَ أَبُو رَوْقٍ: وَإِذَا سَمِعَ عِيسَى ﵇ هَذَا الْخِطَابَ أَرْعَدَتْ مَفَاصِلُهُ وَانْفَجَرَتْ مِنْ أَصْلِ كُلِّ شَعْرَةٍ فِي جَسَدِهِ عَيْنٌ مِنْ دَمٍ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ مُجِيبًا لِلَّهِ ﷿: ﴿قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ﴾ تَنْزِيهًا وَتَعْظِيمًا لَكَ ﴿مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ إِنْ كُنْتُ قُلْتُهُ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتَهُ تَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِي وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: تَعْلَمُ مَا فِي غَيْبِي وَلَا أَعْلَمَ مَا فِي غَيْبِكَ، وَقِيلَ مَعْنَاهُ: تَعْلَمُ سِرِّي وَلَا أَعْلَمُ سِرَّكَ، وَقَالَ أَبُو رَوْقٍ تَعْلَمُ مَا كَانَ مِنِّي فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا يَكُونُ مِنْكَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: النَّفْسُ عِبَارَةٌ عَنْ جُمْلَةِ الشَّيْءِ وَحَقِيقَتِهِ، يَقُولُ: تَعْلَمُ جَمِيعَ مَا أَعْلَمُ مِنْ حَقِيقَةِ أَمْرِي وَلَا أَعْلَمُ حَقِيقَةَ أَمْرِكَ، ﴿إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ﴾ مَا كَانَ وَمَا يَكُونُ. ﴿مَا قُلْتُ لَهُمْ إِلا مَا أَمَرْتَنِي بِهِ أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ وَكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا مَا دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّيْتَنِي كُنْتَ أَنْتَ الرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَنْتَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ (١١٧) ﴾ ﴿مَا قُلْتُ لَهُمْ إِلَّا مَا أَمَرْتَنِي بِهِ أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ﴾ [وَحِّدُوهُ] (٢) وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا، ﴿وَكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا مَا دُمْتُ﴾ أَقَمْتُ، ﴿فِيهِمْ فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّيْتَنِي﴾ قَبَضْتَنِي وَرَفَعْتَنِي إِلَيْكَ، ﴿كُنْتَ أَنْتَ الرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ وَالْحَفِيظَ عَلَيْهِمْ، تَحْفَظُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ، ﴿وَأَنْتَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنْ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ وَإِنْ تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾ فَإِنْ قِيلَ كَيْفَ طَلَبَ الْمَغْفِرَةَ لَهُمْ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ، وَكَيْفَ قَالَ: وَإِنْ تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ، وَهَذَا لَا يَلِيقُ بِسُؤَالِ الْمَغْفِرَةِ، قِيلَ: أَمَّا الْأَوَّلُ فَمَعْنَاهُ إِنَّ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ بِإِقَامَتِهِمْ عَلَى كُفْرِهِمْ وَإِنْ تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ بَعْدَ الْإِيمَانِ وَهَذَا يَسْتَقِيمُ عَلَى قَوْلِ السُّدِّيِّ: إِنَّ هَذَا السُّؤَالَ قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ لِأَنَّ الْإِيمَانَ لَا يَنْفَعُ فِي الْقِيَامَةِ. وَقِيلَ: هَذَا فِي فَرِيقَيْنِ مِنْهُمْ، مَعْنَاهُ: إِنْ تُعَذِّبْ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَإِنْ تَغْفِرْ لِمَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُمْ. وَقِيلَ: لَيْسَ هَذَا عَلَى وَجْهِ طَلَبِ الْمَغْفِرَةِ وَلَوْ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ لَقَالَ: فَإِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ عَلَى تَسْلِيمِ الْأَمْرِ وَتَفْوِيضِهِ إِلَى مُرَادِهِ.

(١) زيادة من "ب". (٢) ساقط من "ب".