Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/110)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the immorality, disobedience, and doubt found among the people of Islam, it does not fall under this.

Mujahid and Sa'id ibn Jubayr said: “This verse concerns the Jews and Christians,” meaning: “Take care of yourselves; those among the People of the Book who go astray will not harm you. So take the jizyah from them and leave them be.”

Ibn Mas'ud said regarding this verse: “Enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong so long as you are heeded. But if you are rebuffed, then attend to yourselves.” He then said: “Among the verses of the Quran are verses whose interpretation came to pass before they were revealed; others whose interpretation came to pass during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace; others whose interpretation will come to pass shortly after the Messenger of Allah; others whose interpretation will come to pass at the end of time; and others whose interpretation will come to pass on the Day of Resurrection—such as what has been mentioned concerning the Reckoning, Paradise, and Hellfire. So long as your hearts and desires remain united, you have not become divided into factions, and some of you have not tasted the violence of others, then enjoin and forbid. But when hearts and desires differ, you are divided into factions, and some of you taste the violence of others, then let each man attend to himself. At that time, the interpretation of this verse will have come to pass.” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-'Anazi informed us; Isa ibn Nasr informed us; Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak informed us; Utbah ibn Abi Hakim informed me; ⦗113/b⦘ Amr ibn Jariyah al-Lakhmi informed me; Abu Umayyah al-Sha'bani said:

“I came to Abu Tha'labah al-Khushani and said, ‘O Abu Tha'labah, what is your understanding of this verse?’ He asked, ‘Which verse?’ I replied, ‘The saying of Allah, exalted is He: “O you who believe, take care of yourselves. Those who go astray will not harm you when you are rightly guided.”’

“He said, ‘By Allah, you have asked one well-informed about it. I asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about it, and he said: “Rather, enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong, until you see avarice being obeyed, desires being followed, worldly life being preferred, and every person of opinion being impressed with his own opinion; and when you see a matter from which you cannot escape, then attend to yourself and leave the affairs of the common people. For ahead of you are days of patience: whoever remains patient during them will be like one holding onto a burning ember. The one who acts during those days will have the reward of fifty men who perform deeds like his.”’

Ibn al-Mubarak said: “Another narrator added: They said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, the reward of fifty of them?’ He replied, ‘The reward of fifty of you.’” (2)

It was also said that it was revealed concerning the people of erroneous desires. Abu Ja'far al-Razi said: “A young man from the people of erroneous desires entered upon Safwan ibn Muhriz and mentioned something of his views. Safwan said, ‘Shall I not direct you to the special favor which Allah has reserved for His close allies: “O you who believe, take care of yourselves. Those who go astray will not harm you when you are rightly guided.”’”

(1) Al-Tabari, 11:143-144. (2) Reported by Abu Dawud in al-Malahim, chapter on commanding and forbidding, 6:188-189; by al-Tirmidhi in Tafsir Surat al-Maidah, 8:423-426, who said: “A hasan gharib hadith”; and by Ibn Majah in al-Fitan, chapter on Allah's saying, “O you who believe, concern yourselves with your own souls,” no. 4014, 2:1330-1331. Ibn Hibban reported it as no. 1850, p. 457. Al-Hakim graded it sahih, 4:322, and al-Dhahabi agreed with him. It has corroborating reports that strengthen it. The compiler also reported it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:347.

الْفُسُوقُ وَالْعِصْيَانُ وَالرَّيْبُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَا يَدْخُلُ فِيهِ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: الْآيَةُ فِي الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى، يَعْنِي: عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ مَنْ ضَلَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَخُذُوا مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ وَاتْرُكُوهُمْ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: مُرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَانْهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ مَا قُبِلَ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ رُدَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ قَدْ نَزَلَ مِنْهُ آيٌ: قَدْ مَضَى تَأْوِيلُهُنَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلْنَ، وَمِنْهُ آيٌ: قَدْ وَقَعَ تَأْوِيلُهُنَّ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمِنْهُ آيٌ يَقَعُ تَأْوِيلُهُنَّ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ بِيَسِيرٍ، وَمِنْهُ آيٌ يَقَعُ تَأْوِيلُهُنَّ فِي آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ، وَمِنْهُ آيٌ: يَقَعُ تَأْوِيلُهُنَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، مَا ذُكِرَ مِنَ الْحِسَابِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ، فَمَا دَامَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَأَهْوَاؤُكُمْ وَاحِدَةً وَلَمْ تَلْبَسُوا شِيَعًا وَلَمْ يَذُقْ بَعْضُكُمْ بَأْسَ بَعْضٍ، فَأْمُرُوا وَانْهَوْا، وَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَتِ الْقُلُوبُ وَالْأَهْوَاءُ وَأُلْبِسْتُمْ شِيَعًا، وَذَاقَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَأْسَ بَعْضٍ، فَامْرُؤٌ وَنَفْسُهُ، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ جَاءَ تَأْوِيلُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ (١) أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنْزِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ نَصْرٍ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ أَنَا عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ حدثني عمرو ١١٣/ب بْنُ جَارِيَةَ اللَّخْمِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو أُمَيَّةَ الشَّعْبَانِيُّ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ أَبَا ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُشَنِيَّ فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا ثَعْلَبَةَ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ؟ قَالَ: أَيَّةُ آيَةٍ؟ قُلْتُ: قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿ ﴿عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ مَنْ ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ﴾ فَقَالَ: أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ سَأَلْتُ عَنْهَا خَبِيرًا، سَأَلْتُ عَنْهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: "بَلِ ائْتَمِرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنَاهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ حَتَّى إِذَا رَأَيْتَ شُحًّا مُطَاعًا وَهَوًى مُتَّبَعًا وَدُنْيَا مُؤْثَرَةً، وَإِعْجَابَ كُلِّ ذِي رَأْيٍ بِرَأْيِهِ، وَرَأَيْتَ أَمْرًا لَا بُدَّ لَكَ مِنْهُ فَعَلَيْكَ نَفْسَكَ وَدَعْ أَمْرَ الْعَوَامِ، فَإِنَّ مِنْ وَرَائِكُمْ أَيَّامَ الصَّبْرِ، فَمَنْ صَبَرَ فِيهِنَّ قَبَضَ عَلَى الْجَمْرِ، لِلْعَامِلِ فِيهِنَّ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا يَعْمَلُونَ مِثْلَ عَمَلِهِ" قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ: وَزَادَنِي غَيْرُهُ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَجْرُ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ؟ قَالَ: "أَجْرُ خَمْسِينَ مِنْكُمْ" (٢) . وَقِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي أَهْلِ الْأَهْوَاءِ، قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ: دَخَلَ عَلَى صَفْوَانَ بْنِ مُحْرِزٍ شَابٌّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَهْوَاءِ فَذَكَرَ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ، فَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ أَلَا أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى خَاصَّةِ اللَّهِ الَّتِي خَصَّ بِهَا أَوْلِيَاءَهُ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ مَنْ ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ﴾

(١) الطبري: ١١ / ١٤٣-١٤٤. (٢) أخرجه أبو داود في الملاحم، باب الأمر والنهي: ٦ / ١٨٨،١٨٩، والترمذي في تفسير سورة المائدة: ٨ / ٤٢٣-٤٢٦ وقال: حديث حسن غريب، وابن ماجه في الفتن، باب قوله تعالى: "يا أيها الذين آمنوا عليكم أنفسكم" برقم (٤٠١٤) : ٢ / ١٣٣٠-١٣٣١، وابن حبان برقم (١٨٥٠) ص (٤٥٧) وصححه الحاكم: ٤ / ٣٢٢ ووافقه الذهبي. وله شواهد يتقوى بها، وأخرجه أيضا المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٤٧.