Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/109)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

His saying, exalted is He: “O you who believe, take care of yourselves. Those who go astray will not harm you when you are rightly guided.”

It has been narrated to us from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: “O people, you recite this verse: ‘O you who believe, take care of yourselves. Those who go astray will not harm you when you are rightly guided,’ yet you apply it out of its proper context and do not understand what it means. I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say: ‘When people see an evil and do not change it, Allah, exalted is He, will soon encompass them all with His punishment.’” (1)

In another narration: “You must enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong, or else Allah will surely place the wicked among you in authority over you, and they will subject you to grievous punishment. Then the best among you will call upon Allah, exalted is He, but He will not answer [you] (2).” (3)

Abu Ubayd said: Al-Siddiq feared that people would interpret the verse contrary to its intended meaning, thereby allowing them to abandon enjoining what is right [and forbidding what is wrong] (4). He therefore informed them that this was not its meaning, and that the evil regarding which one is permitted to refrain from seeking its removal is the polytheism professed by those under covenant, because they practice it as their religion and a treaty has been concluded with them on that basis. But as for

(1) Reported by Abu Dawud in al-Malahim, chapter on commanding and prohibiting, 6:187. Al-Mundhiri attributed it to al-Nasai. It was also reported by al-Tirmidhi in al-Fitan, chapter on the punishment descending when evil is not changed, 6:388; he said: “Hasan sahih.” He also reported it in al-Tafsir; Ibn Majah reported it in al-Fitan, chapter on enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, no. 4005, 2:1327. Ibn Hibban declared it sahih, no. 1837, p. 455; Imam Ahmad reported it in al-Musnad, 1:5, 7; Abu Bakr al-Marwazi in Musnad al-Siddiq, pp. 128-131; and the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:344. (2) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript “B.” (3) Reported by al-Khatib in Tarikh Baghdad, 13:92; also narrated by al-Tabarani in al-Awsat and by al-Bazzar in his Musnad. Al-Haythami said: “Its chain includes Hibban ibn Ali, who is abandoned; Ibn Ma'in deemed him trustworthy in one report and weakened him in another.” Al-Iraqi said: “Both of its chains are weak.” See: Majma al-Zawaid, 7:266; Fayd al-Qadir, 5:261. (4) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript “B.”

قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ مَنْ ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ﴾ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ﵁ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّكُمْ تَقْرَءُونَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ مَنْ ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ﴾ وَتَضَعُونَهَا فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعِهَا وَلَا تَدْرُونَ مَا هِيَ، وَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "إِنَّ النَّاسَ إِذَا رَأَوْا مُنْكَرًا فَلَمْ يُغَيِّرُوهُ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَعُمَّهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِعِقَابِهِ" (١) . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ "لَتَأْمُرُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَلَتَنْهَوُنَّ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ أَوْ لَيَسْتَعْمِلَنَّ اللَّهُ ﷾ عليكم شراركم فليسومونكم سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ، ثُمَّ لَيَدْعُوَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ خِيَارَكُمْ فَلَا يُسْتَجَابُ [لَكُمْ] (٢) " (٣) . قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: خَافَ الصِّدِّيقُ أَنْ يَتَأَوَّلَ النَّاسُ الْآيَةَ عَلَى غَيْرِ مُتَأَوَّلِهَا فَيَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى تَرْكِ الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ] (٤) فَأَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ كَذَلِكَ وَأَنَّ الَّذِي أُذِنَ فِي الْإِمْسَاكِ عَنْ تَغْيِيرِهِ مِنَ الْمُنْكَرِ، هُوَ الشِّرْكُ الَّذِي يَنْطِقُ بِهِ الْمُعَاهَدُونَ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُمْ يَتَدَيَّنُونَ بِهِ، وَقَدْ صُولِحُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَأَمَّا

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في الملاحم، باب الأمر والنهي: ٦ / ١٨٧، وعزاه المنذري للنسائي، وأخرجه الترمذي في الفتن، باب ما جاء في نزول العذاب إذا لم يغير المنكر: ٦ / ٣٨٨، وقال: حسن صحيح، وأخرجه أيضا في التفسير، وابن ماجه في الفتن، باب الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر: (٤٠٠٥) : ٢ / ١٣٢٧، وصححه ابن حبان برقم (١٨٣٧) ص (٤٥٥) ، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ١ / ٥،٧، وأبو بكر المروزي في مسند الصديق ص (١٢٨-١٣١) ، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٤٤. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٣) أخرجه الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد: ١٣ / ٩٢، ورواه الطبراني في الأوسط والبزار في مسنده. قال الهيثمي: وفيه حبان بن علي، وهو متروك، وقد وثقه ابن معين في رواية وضعفه في غيرها. وقال العراقي: كلا طريقيه ضعيف. انظر: مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ٢٦٦، فيض القدير: ٥ / ٢٦١. (٤) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب".