Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/104)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

foot. Hence, when a young girl approaches puberty and her breasts begin to emerge, it is said that she has become rounded in the breast.

It is called the Sacred House because Allah, exalted is He, has declared it inviolable and magnified its sanctity. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah declared Mecca sacred on the day He created the heavens and the earth.” (1)

“[He made it] a means of stability for people.” Ibn ‘Amir recited it as “qiyaman,” without an alif, while the others recited “qiyaman,” with an alif; that is, a source of support for them in the affairs of their religion and worldly life. As for their religion, the pilgrimage and its rites are established through it; and as for their worldly life, this is through the fruits brought to it. They were safe therein from plunder and raids, and no one would attack them within the Sacred Precinct. Allah, exalted is He, says:

“Have they not seen that We have made a secure sanctuary, while people are snatched away from all around them?” (Al-‘Ankabut, 67)

“And the sacred month”: what is meant is the sacred months: Dhu al-Qi‘dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, Muharram, and Rajab. That is, He made the sacred months a means of stability for people, during which they were safe from fighting. “And the sacrificial animals and the garlanded offerings”: this means that they were secure through the garlanding of the sacrificial animals, and this was part of that stability.

“That you may know that Allah knows all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth, and that Allah has full knowledge of everything.” If it is asked, “What is the connection between these words and what precedes them?” the answer is: Allah, glorified and exalted is He, made the Ka‘bah a means of stability for people because He knows what benefits His servants, just as He knows all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth.

Al-Zajjaj said: Earlier in this surah, there was information about matters of the unseen and disclosure of hidden secrets, such as His saying, “They are avid listeners to falsehood, listening to another people,” and such as His informing of their distortion of the Scriptures and the like. Thus, His saying, “That you may know that Allah knows all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth,” refers back to this.

“Know that Allah is severe in punishment and that Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (98) The Messenger’s duty is only to convey the message, and Allah knows what you reveal and what you conceal. (99) Say, ‘The impure and the pure are not equal, even though the abundance of the impure may please you.’ So fear Allah, people of understanding, so that you may prosper. (100)”

“The Messenger’s duty is only to convey the message”: that is, to deliver it. (2) “And Allah knows what you reveal and what you conceal.”

“Say, ‘The impure and the pure are not equal’”: that is, the lawful and the unlawful. “Even though it may please you”: that is, delight you—“the abundance of the impure.”

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Maghazi (Military Expeditions), chapter 35, 8:26; and by Muslim with similar wording in al-Hajj (Pilgrimage), chapter: “The Sanctity of Mecca and Its Game,” no. 1353, 2:986; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 7:294. (2) Omitted from manuscript B.

القدم، ومن قِيلَ لِلْجَارِيَةِ إِذَا قَارَبَتِ الْبُلُوغَ وَخَرَجَ ثَدْيُهَا: تَكَعَّبَتْ. وَسُمِّيَ الْبَيْتَ الْحَرَامَ: لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى حَرَّمَهُ وَعَظَّمَ حُرْمَتَهُ. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ" (١) ﴿قِيَامًا لِلنَّاسِ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ (قِيَمًا) بِلَا أَلْفٍ وَالْآخَرُونَ: "قِيَامًا" بِالْأَلْفِ، أَيْ: قَوَامًا لَهُمْ فِي أَمْرِ دِينِهِمْ وَدُنْيَاهُمْ، أَمَّا الدِّينُ لِأَنَّ بِهِ يَقُومُ الْحَجُّ وَالْمَنَاسِكُ، وَأَمَّا الدُّنْيَا فِيمَا يُجْبَى إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ، وَكَانُوا يَأْمَنُونَ فِيهِ مِنَ النَّهَارِ وَالْغَارَةِ فَلَا يَتَعَرَّضُ لَهُمْ أَحَدٌ فِي الْحَرَمِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا حَرَمًا آمِنًا وَيُتَخَطَّفُ النَّاسُ مِنْ حَوْلِهِمْ﴾ (الْعَنْكَبُوتِ-٦٧) ﴿وَالشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ﴾ أَرَادَ بِهِ الْأَشْهُرَ الْحُرُمَ وهي ذو العقده وذو الْحِجَّةِ وَالْمُحَرَّمُ وَرَجَبٌ، أَرَادَ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْأَشْهُرَ الْحُرُمَ قِيَامًا لِلنَّاسِ يَأْمَنُونَ فِيهَا الْقِتَالَ، ﴿وَالْهَدْيَ وَالْقَلَائِدَ﴾ أَرَادَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِتَقْلِيدِ الْهَدْيِ، فَذَلِكَ الْقَوَامُ فِيهِ. ﴿ذَلِكَ لِتَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ﴾ فَإِنْ قِيلَ: أَيُّ اتِّصَالٍ لِهَذَا الْكَلَامِ بِمَا قَبْلَهُ؟ قِيلَ: أَرَادَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ جَعَلَ الْكَعْبَةَ قِيَامًا لِلنَّاسِ لِأَنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ صَلَاحَ الْعِبَادِ كَمَا يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ، وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: قَدْ سَبَقَ فِي هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ الْإِخْبَارُ عَنِ الْغُيُوبِ وَالْكَشْفُ عَنِ الْأَسْرَارِ، مِثْلُ قَوْلِهِ (سَمَّاعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ سَمَّاعُونَ لِقَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ) ، وَمِثْلُ إِخْبَارِهِ بِتَحْرِيفِهِمُ الْكُتُبَ وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَوْلُهُ ﴿ذَلِكَ لِتَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ رَاجِعٌ إِلَيْهِ. ﴿اعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (٩٨) مَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ (٩٩) قُلْ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (١٠٠) ﴾ ﴿مَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ﴾ [التَّبْلِيغُ] (٢) ﴿وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ﴾ ﴿قُلْ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ﴾ أَيِ الْحَلَالُ وَالْحَرَامُ، ﴿وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ﴾ سَرَّكَ ﴿كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ﴾

(١) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب رقم (٣٥) : ٨ / ٢٦، ومسلم بنحوه في الحج، باب تحريم مكة وصيدها، برقم (١٣٥٣) : ٢ / ٩٨٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٧ / ٢٩٤. (٢) ساقط من "ب".