Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/103)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

from Nafiʿ, from Abd Allah ibn Umar—may Allah be pleased with him—that the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “There are five creatures for whose killing a person in the state of ihram incurs no blame: the crow, the kite, the scorpion, the mouse, and the vicious dog.” (1)

It is also related from Abu Saʿid al-Khudri—may Allah be pleased with him—that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “A person in the state of ihram may kill an attacking beast of prey.” (2) And from Abu Hurayrah: the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “Five creatures may lawfully be killed within the Sacred Precinct: the snake, the scorpion, the kite, the mouse, and the vicious dog.” (3)

Sufyan ibn Uyaynah said: “The vicious dog is every beast of prey that mauls.” Malik held the same view. The proponents of legal reasoning maintained that compensation is due for killing animals whose meat is unlawful to eat, such as the leopard, tiger, pig, and the like, except for those specific creatures mentioned in the report. They extended the ruling by analogy to the wolf and therefore did not require expiation for killing it.

Al-Shafiʿi—may Allah have mercy on him—extended this ruling by analogy to every animal whose meat is unlawful to eat, because the hadith includes particular creatures: some are ferocious beasts of prey, some are deadly vermin, and some are birds that do not fall under the category of beasts of prey or that of vermin. (4) Rather, they are animals whose flesh is deemed foul; and the prohibition of eating applies to them all. Thus, he treated this as the determining factor and based the ruling upon it.

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Jaza' al-Sayd (Compensation for Hunting), in the chapter on animals that a pilgrim in ihram may kill: 4/34; and in Bad' al-Khalq (The Beginning of Creation). Also narrated by Muslim in al-Hajj (Pilgrimage), in the chapter on animals whose killing is recommended for one in ihram and others, whether within or outside the Sacred Precinct, no. 1199: 2/857; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah: 7/266. (2) Narrated at length by Abu Dawud in al-Manasik (Rites of Pilgrimage), in the chapter on animals that a pilgrim in ihram may kill: 2/360; by al-Tirmidhi in al-Hajj, in the same chapter: 3/577, who said, “This is a hasan hadith”; by Ibn Majah in al-Manasik, in the chapter on what a pilgrim in ihram may kill: 2/1032; by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad: 3/3; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah: 7/267. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in Talkhis al-Habir, 2/274: “Its chain includes Zayd ibn Abi Ziyad, who is weak.” (3) Narrated by Abu Dawud in the same place cited above, and by al-Tirmidhi, in the same place, on the authority of Aishah. Al-Tirmidhi said: “This is a hasan sahih hadith.” Abu Dawud’s chain includes Ibn Ajlan. It is strengthened by the preceding hadith and others. (4) In manuscript B: “beasts of prey.”

عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ﵁ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "خَمْسٌ مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُحْرِمِ فِي قَتْلِهِنَّ جُنَاحٌ: الْغُرَابُ وَالْحِدَأَةُ وَالْعَقْرَبُ وَالْفَأْرَةُ وَالْكَلْبُ الْعَقُورُ" (١) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ﵁ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "يَقْتُلُ الْمُحْرِمُ السَّبُعَ الْعَادِي" (٢) وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "خَمْسٌ قَتْلُهُنَّ حَلَالٌ فِي الْحَرَمِ: الْحَيَّةُ وَالْعَقْرَبُ وَالْحِدَأَةُ وَالْفَأْرَةُ وَالْكَلْبُ الْعَقُورُ" (٣) . وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: الْكَلْبُ الْعَقُورُ كُلُّ سَبُعٍ يَعْقِرُ، وَمِثْلُهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَذَهَبَ أَصْحَابُ الرَّأْيِ إِلَى وُجُوبِ الْجَزَاءِ فِي قَتْلِ مَا لَا يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ، مِنَ الْفَهْدِ وَالنَّمِرِ وَالْخِنْزِيرِ وَنَحْوِهَا إِلَّا الْأَعْيَانَ الْمَذْكُورَةَ فِي الْخَبَرِ، وَقَاسُوا عَلَيْهَا الذِّئْبَ فَلَمْ يُوجِبُوا فِيهِ الْكَفَّارَةَ، وَقَاسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵀ عَلَيْهَا جَمِيعَ مَا لَا يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ لِأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ يَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى أَعْيَانٍ بَعْضُهَا سِبَاعٌ ضَارِيَةٌ وَبَعْضُهَا هَوَامٌ قَاتِلَةٌ وَبَعْضُهَا طَيْرٌ لَا يَدْخُلُ فِي مَعْنَى السِّبَاعِ وَلَا هِيَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ [الْهَوَامِ] (٤) وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ حَيَوَانٌ مُسْتَخْبَثُ اللَّحْمِ، وَتَحْرِيمُ الْأَكْلِ يَجْمَعُ الْكُلَّ فَاعْتَبَرَهُ وَرَتَّبَ الْحُكْمَ عَلَيْهِ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في جزاء الصيد، باب ما يقتل المحرم من الدواب: ٤ / ٣٤، وفي بدء الخلق، ومسلم في الحج، باب ما يندب للمحرم وغيره قتله من الدواب في الحل والحرم، برقم (١١٩٩) : ٢ / ٨٥٧. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٧ / ٢٦٦. (٢) أخرجه أبو داود في المناسك، باب ما يقتل المحرم من الدواب: ٢ / ٣٦٠ مطولا، والترمذي في الحج، باب ما يقتل المحرم من الدواب: ٣ / ٥٧٧، وقال: هذا حديث حسن، وابن ماجه في المناسك، باب ما يقتل المحرم: ٢ / ١٠٣٢، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٣ / ٣، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٧ / ٢٦٧. قال الحافظ ابن حجر في تلخيص الحبير: ٢ / ٢٧٤ "وفي إسناده زيد بن أبي زياد، وهو ضعيف". (٣) أخرجه أبو داود في الموضع السابق نفسه، والترمذي في الموضع السابق عن عائشة، وقال: حديث حسن صحيح وفي إسناد أبي داود: ابن عجلان. ويتقوى بالحديث السابق وغيره. (٤) في "ب": (السباع) .