Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/99)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

The scholars differed as to whether a person in a state of consecration may eat the meat of game. One group held that it is not lawful for him under any circumstances. This is narrated from Ibn Abbas, and it was the view of Tawus, as well as Sufyan al-Thawri. They cited what Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi related to us: Zahir ibn Ahmad related to us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi related to us; Abu Mus'ab related to us from Malik, from Ibn Shihab, from Ubayd Allah ibn Abd Allah ibn Utbah ibn Mas'ud, from Abd Allah ibn Abbas, from al-Sa'b ibn Jaththamah al-Laythi: he presented the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—with a wild ass while he was at al-Abwa' or Waddan, but the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—returned it to him. He said: “When the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—saw the disappointment on my face, he said, ‘We returned it to you only because we are in a state of consecration.’” (1)

The majority held that it is permissible for a person in a state of consecration to eat it, provided that he did not hunt it himself and that it was not hunted for his sake or at his indication. This was the view of Umar, Uthman, and Abu Hurayrah, and it was also held by Ata', Mujahid, and Sa'id ibn Jubayr. It is the school of Malik, al-Shafi'i, Ahmad, Ishaq, and the adherents of legal opinion. The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—returned the gift of al-Sa'b ibn Jaththamah only because he thought that it had been hunted for his sake.

The evidence for its permissibility is what Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi related to us: Zahir ibn Ahmad related to us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi related to us; Abu Mus'ab related to us from Malik, from Abu al-Nadr, the freedman of Umar ibn Ubayd Allah al-Taymi, from Nafi', the freedman of Abu Qatadah, from Abu Qatadah ibn Rib'i al-Ansari—may Allah be pleased with him—that he was with the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—until, when they were on part of the road to Mecca, he fell behind with some companions of his who were in a state of consecration, while he himself was not in a state of consecration. He saw a wild ass, mounted his horse, and asked his companions to hand him his whip, but they refused. He then asked them for his spear, but they refused, so he took it himself and charged at the wild ass, killing it. Some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—ate from it, while others declined. When they caught up with the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—they asked him about this, and he said: “It was only food with which Allah Most High fed you.” (2)

Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib related to us: Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal related to us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm related to us; al-Rabi' informed us; al-Shafi'i related to us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad related to us from Amr ibn Abi Amr, from al-Muttalib ibn Hantab, from

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Jaza al-Sayd (Expiation for Game), chapter: “If wild donkey is offered as a gift to a muhrim, he should not accept it”: 4/31; also in al-Hibah (Gifts); by Muslim in Hajj, chapter on the prohibition of hunting for a muhrim, no. 1193: 2/850; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah: 7/260. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Dhaba'ih wa al-Sayd (Sacrificial Animals and Hunting), chapter on what has been reported concerning hunting: 9/613; and by Muslim in Hajj, chapter on the prohibition of hunting for a muhrim, no. 1196: 2/852.

وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْمُحْرِمِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَكْلُ لَحْمِ الصَّيْدِ أَوْ لَا؟ فَذَهَبَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ بِحَالٍ، وَيُرْوَى ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وهو قول طاووس وَبِهِ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَاحْتَجُّوا بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ أَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ اللِّيثِيِّ أَنَّهُ أَهْدَى لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِمَارًا وَحْشِيًّا، وَهُوَ بِالْأَبْوَاءِ أَوْ بِوَدَّانَ، فَرَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا فِي وَجْهِي، قَالَ: "إِنَّا لَمْ نَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا أَنَّا حُرُمٌ" (١) . وَذَهَبَ الْأَكْثَرُونَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ لِلْمُحْرِمِ أَكْلُهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَصْطَدْ بِنَفْسِهِ وَلَا اصْطِيدَ لِأَجْلِهِ أَوْ بِإِشَارَتِهِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَبِهِ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَأَصْحَابِ الرَّأْيِ، وَإِنَّمَا رَدَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ لِأَنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَنَّهُ صِيدَ مِنْ أَجْلِهِ. وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى جَوَازِهِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ أَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ التَّيْمِيِّ عَنْ نَافِعٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ بْنِ رَبْعِيٍّ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ﵁ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِبَعْضِ طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ، تَخَلَّفَ مَعَ أَصْحَابٍ لَهُ مُحْرِمِينَ وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْرِمٍ فَرَأَى حِمَارًا وَحْشِيًّا فَاسْتَوَى عَلَى فَرَسِهِ وَسَأَلَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يُنَاوِلُوهُ سَوْطَهُ فَأَبَوْا فَسَأَلَهُمْ رُمْحَهُ فَأَبَوْا فَأَخَذَهُ ثُمَّ شَدَّ عَلَى الْحِمَارِ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبَى بَعْضُهُمْ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَأَلُوهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: "إِنَّمَا هِيَ طُعْمَةٌ أَطْعَمَكُمُوهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ أَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ أَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ أَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو عَنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ حَنْطَبٍ عَنْ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في جزاء الصيد، باب إذا أهدى للمحرم حمارا وحشيا لم يقبل: ٤ / ٣١، وفي الهبة، ومسلم في الحج، باب تحريم الصيد للمحرم، برقم (١١٩٣) : ٢ / ٨٥٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٧ / ٢٦٠. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الذبائح والصيد، باب ما جاء في التصيد: ٩ / ٦١٣، ومسلم في الحج باب تحريم الصيد للمحرم، برقم (١١٩٦) : ٢ / ٨٥٢.