Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/95)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

from Abdullah ibn Dinar, from Ibn Umar, from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “Every intoxicant is unlawful. Allah has pledged that any servant who drinks it in this world will be made to drink, on the Day of Resurrection, from the clay of corruption. Do you know what the clay of corruption is?” He said: “The sweat of the people of Hell.” (1)

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Musab informed us, from Malik, from Nafi, from Abdullah ibn Umar—may Allah be pleased with him—that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever drinks wine in this world and does not repent from it will be deprived of it in the Hereafter.” (2)

Abu Said al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; Ahmad ibn Ubayy informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Saghani informed us; Abu Nuaym narrated to us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz narrated to us, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abdullah al-Ghafiqi, one of the people of Egypt, from Abdullah ibn Umar, who said: I bear witness that I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, saying: “Allah has cursed wine, the one who drinks it, the one who serves it, the one who sells it, the one who buys it, the one who presses it, the one for whom it is pressed, the one who carries it, the one to whom it is carried, and the one who consumes its proceeds.” (3)

“Obey Allah and obey the Messenger, and beware. But if you turn away, then know that Our Messenger’s duty is only to convey the message clearly. (92) There is no blame upon those who believe and do righteous deeds for what they consumed, so long as they are mindful of Allah, believe, and do righteous deeds; then remain mindful of Allah and believe; then remain mindful of Allah and excel in goodness. And Allah loves those who excel in goodness. (93)”

His saying, glorified and exalted is He: “There is no blame upon those who believe and do righteous deeds for what they consumed.” The reason for the revelation of this verse was that, when the prohibition of wine was revealed, the Companions—may Allah be pleased with them—said: “O Messenger of Allah, what of our brothers who”

(1) The compiler recorded it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:356. Its chain includes Abd al-Malik ibn Qudamah, who is weak. However, it is supported by several authentic hadiths from Jabir ibn Abd Allah and others, including Jabir's hadith in Muslim, no. 2002, in the Book of Drinks, and Ibn Umar's hadith in Muslim, no. 2003, which follows. (2) Muslim recorded it in the Book of Drinks, chapter: “The punishment of one who drinks wine and does not repent from it,” no. 2003, 3:1588; and the compiler recorded it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:355. (3) Abu Dawud recorded it in the Book of Drinks, chapter: “Grapes pressed for wine,” 5:260; Ibn Majah in the Book of Drinks, chapter: “Wine is cursed in ten ways,” no. 3380, 2:1121; and Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 2:97. Its chain includes Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi. Al-Mundhiri said: Ibn Ma'in was asked about him and replied, “I do not know him.” Ibn Yunus mentioned him in his history and said that he narrated from Ibn Umar. As for Abu Tumah, Makhul accused him of lying. The hadith has supporting reports that strengthen it; hence al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in Talkhis al-Habir, 4:73: “Ibn al-Sakan authenticated it. There are also reports on this subject from Anas ibn Malik, narrated by al-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah, whose narrators are trustworthy; from Ibn Abbas, narrated by Ahmad, Ibn Hibban, and al-Hakim; from Ibn Masud, mentioned by Ibn Abi Hatim in al-Ilal; and from Abu Hurayrah, attributed to the Prophet: ‘Indeed, Allah has forbidden wine and its price, carrion and its price, and swine and its price.’ Abu Dawud also narrated it, as did Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As.”

عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حرام، وإن ختما عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ لَا يَشْرَبَهُ عَبْدٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ طِينَةِ الْخَبَالِ، هَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَا طِينَةُ الْخَبَالِ؟ " قَالَ: "عَرَقُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ" (١) . وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ أَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ﵄ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فِي الدُّنْيَا ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُبْ مِنْهَا حُرِمَهَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ" (٢) . وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْغَافِقِيِّ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: "لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ وَشَارِبَهَا وَسَاقِيَهَا وَبَائِعَهَا وَمُبْتَاعَهَا وَعَاصِرَهَا وَمُعْتَصِرَهَا وَحَامِلَهَا وَالْمَحْمُولَةَ إِلَيْهِ وَآكِلَ ثَمَنِهَا" (٣) . ﴿وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَاحْذَرُوا فَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا عَلَى رَسُولِنَا الْبَلاغُ الْمُبِينُ (٩٢) لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا إِذَا مَا اتَّقَوْا وَآمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَآمَنُوا ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَأَحْسَنُوا وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (٩٣) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا﴾ سَبَبُ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَنَّ الصَّحَابَةَ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالُوا لَمَّا نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ بِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ

(١) أخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٣٥٦، وفيه عبد الملك بن قدامة، وهو ضعيف، ويشهد له عدة أحاديث صحيحة عن جابر بن عبد الله وغيره منها حديث جابر عند مسلم، برقم (٢٠٠٢) في الأشربة وحديث ابن عمر عند مسلم برقم (٢٠٠٣) وهو الآتي. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الأشربة، باب عقوبة من شرب الخمر إذ١ لم يتب منها ... برقم (٢٠٠٣) : ٣ / ١٥٨٨، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٣٥٥. (٣) أخرجه أبو داود في الأشربة، باب العنب بعصر للخمر: ٥ / ٢٦٠، وابن ماجه في الأشربة، باب لعنت الخمر على عشرة أوجه برقم (٣٣٨٠) : ٢ / ١١٢١، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٢ / ٩٧، وفيه: عبد الرحمن الغافقي. قال المنذري: سئل عنه ابن معين؟ فقال: لا أعرفه، وذكره ابن يونس في تاريخه وقال: روى عن ابن عمر، وأبو طعمة: رماه مكحول بالكذب، وللحديث شواهد يتقوى بها، لذلك قال الحافظ ابن حجر في تلخيص الحبير، (٤ / ٧٣) : "صححه ابن السكن، وفي الباب عن أنس بن مالك: رواه الترمذي وابن ماجه، ورواته ثقات، وعن ابن عباس: رواه أحمد وابن حبان والحاكم، وعن ابن مسعود: ذكره ابن أبي حاتم في العلل، وعن أبي هريرة مرفوعا: "إن الله حرم الخمر وثمنها، وحرم الميتة وثمنها، وحرم الخنزير وثمنه". ورواه أبو داود، وعن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص".