Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/90)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

That is, the pleasures which souls desire of the wholesome foods and delightful drinks that have been made lawful for you. “And do not transgress,” that is, do not go beyond what is lawful into what is unlawful. It was also said that this refers to castration. “Indeed, Allah does not love those who transgress.”

“And eat of what Allah has provided for you, lawful and wholesome.” Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak said: “What is lawful is that which you acquire through a legitimate means, and what is wholesome is that which nourishes and promotes growth. As for inanimate substances, such as clay and earth, and anything that provides no nourishment, they are disliked except when used medicinally.”

“And fear Allah, in whom you believe.” Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abd al-Samad al-Jawzajani informed us; Abu al-Qasim Ali ibn Ahmad al-Khuzaʿi informed us; Abu Saʿid al-Haytham ibn Kulayb informed us; Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Dawraqi, Salamah ibn Shabib, and Mahmud ibn Ghaylan informed us, saying: Abu Usamah informed us from Hisham ibn Urwah, from his father, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: “The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, loved sweets and honey.” (1)

“Allah will not call you to account for unintentional oaths, but He will call you to account for oaths you have sworn in earnest. The expiation for it is to feed ten needy people from the average of what you feed your own families, or to clothe them, or to free a slave. But whoever cannot afford this must fast for three days. That is the expiation for your oaths when you have sworn them. Guard your oaths. Thus Allah makes His verses clear to you, so that you may be grateful.” (89)

Concerning His saying, Exalted is He: “Allah will not call you to account for unintentional oaths,” Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: “When the verse, ‘Do not forbid yourselves the wholesome things Allah has made lawful for you,’ was revealed, they said, ‘Messenger of Allah, what should we do about the oaths we swore?’ They had sworn to what they had agreed upon, so Allah revealed: ‘Allah will not call you to account for unintentional oaths.’” (2)

“But He will call you to account for oaths you have sworn in earnest.” Hamzah and al-Kisaʾi [and Abu Bakr] (3) recited it as ʿaqadtum, without gemination; Ibn Amir recited it as ʿāqadtum, with an added alif; and the others recited it as ʿaqqadtum, with gemination—that is, you affirmed them. What is intended by the verse is: what you intended

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the Book of Drinks, chapter: al-badhiq and those who prohibited every intoxicating beverage, 10:62; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:308. (2) Recorded by al-Tabari, 7:13. See also: Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 237. (3) Omitted in manuscript B.

يَعْنِي: اللَّذَّاتَ الَّتِي تَشْتَهِيهَا النُّفُوسُ، مِمَّا أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ مِنَ الْمَطَاعِمِ الطَّيِّبَةِ وَالْمُشَارِبِ اللَّذِيذَةِ، ﴿وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا﴾ أَيْ: وَلَا تُجَاوِزُوا الْحَلَالَ إِلَى الْحَرَامِ، وَقِيلَ: هُوَ جَبُّ الْمَذَاكِيرِ ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ﴾ ﴿وَكُلُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمُ اللَّهُ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا﴾ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ: الْحَلَالُ مَا أَخَذْتَهُ مِنْ وَجْهِهِ، وَالطَّيِّبُ مَا غَذَّى وَأَنْمَى، فَأَمَّا الْجَوَامِدُ كَالطِّينِ وَالتُّرَابِ وَمَا لَا يُغَذِّي فَمَكْرُوهٌ إِلَّا عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّدَاوِي. ﴿وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي أَنْتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ الْجَوْزَجَانِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ أَنَا أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ وَسَلَمَةُ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ وَمَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: (كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُحِبُّ الْحَلْوَاءَ وَالْعَسَلَ) (١) . (لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا عَقَّدْتُمُ الْأَيْمَانَ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُونَ أَهْلِيكُمْ أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ أَوْ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ ذَلِكَ كَفَّارَةُ أَيْمَانِكُمْ إِذَا حَلَفْتُمْ وَاحْفَظُوا أَيْمَانَكُمْ كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (٨٩)) قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: (لَا تُحَرِّمُوا طَيِّبَاتِ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ) ، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ نَصْنَعُ بِأَيْمَانِنَا الَّتِي حَلَفْنَا عَلَيْهَا؟ وَكَانُوا حَلَفُوا عَلَى مَا اتَّفَقُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: ﴿لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ﴾ (٢) ﴿وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا عَقَّدْتُمُ الْأَيْمَانَ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ [وَأَبُو بكر] (٣) (عقدتم) بالتحفيف، وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ (عَاقَدْتُمْ) بِالْأَلْفِ وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ (عَقَّدْتُمْ) بِالتَّشْدِيدِ، أَيْ: وَكَّدْتُمْ، وَالْمُرَادُ مِنَ الْآيَةِ قَصَدْتُمْ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأشربة، باب الباذق، ومن نهى عن كل مسكر من الأشربة: ١٠ / ٦٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٣٠٨. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٧ / ١٣. وانظر: أسباب النزول (٢٣٧) . (٣) ساقط من "ب".