Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/89)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Is what has reached me about your husband and his companions true?” She disliked lying to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and she disliked disclosing something against her husband. So she said, “Messenger of Allah, if Uthman has told you anything, then he has spoken the truth.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, departed. When Uthman came home, she informed him of this, so he and his companions went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to them, “Have I not been informed that you have agreed upon such-and-such?” They said, “Yes, Messenger of Allah; we intended nothing but good.” He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “I was not commanded to do that.”

He then said, “You owe a duty to yourselves: so fast and break your fast, stand in prayer and sleep. I stand in prayer and sleep; I fast and break my fast; I eat meat and fat, and I have relations with women. Whoever turns away from my sunnah is not of me.”

He then gathered the people and addressed them, saying, “What is the matter with people who have forbidden women, food, perfume, sleep, and sexual desires [for women] (1)? Indeed, I do not command you to become priests or monks. In my religion, there is neither abstention from meat and women nor the adoption of hermitages. The ascetic wandering of my community is fasting, and their monasticism is jihad. Worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him; perform Hajj and Umrah; establish the prayer; give zakah; fast Ramadan; and remain steadfast, and you shall be set aright. Those before you were destroyed only through excessiveness: they imposed hardships upon themselves, so Allah imposed hardships upon them. Those are their remnants in dwellings and hermitages.” Allah, Exalted is He, then revealed this verse (2).

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Tawbah al-Kushmīhanī informed us; Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Harith informed us; Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Yaqub al-Kisāʾī informed us; Abdullah ibn Mahmud informed us; Ibrahim ibn Abdullah al-Khallāl informed us; Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak informed us, from Rashdīn ibn Saʿd, who said: Ibn Anʿum narrated to me from Saʿd ibn Masʿud that Uthman ibn Mazʿun, may Allah be pleased with him, came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, “Permit us to be castrated.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Whoever castrates or has himself castrated is not of us. The castration of my community is fasting.” He said, “Messenger of Allah, permit us to travel as ascetics.” He said, “The ascetic wandering of my community is jihad in the way of Allah.” He said, “Messenger of Allah, permit us to adopt monasticism.” He said, “The monasticism of my community is sitting in the mosques and awaiting the prayer” (3).

It is also related from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that a man said, “Messenger of Allah, I ate some meat and became sexually aroused, and desire took hold of me; so I forbade meat to myself.” Then Allah, Exalted is He, revealed: “O you who believe, do not forbid yourselves the wholesome things Allah has made lawful for you” (4).

(1) In manuscript B: “al-dunya” (the worldly life). (2) See: al-Tabari, Tafsir, 7:8-11; al-Durr al-Manthur, 3:141-142; Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 236-237. (3) Cited by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 2:270-271, and in Masabih al-Sunnah, 1:225 (Mishkat al-Masabih). The hadith is weak due to the weakness of Rushdayn ibn Sa'd and Ziyad ibn An'um al-Ifriqi. The second part of the hadith, “Inna siyahata ummati ...” (“Indeed, the religious wandering of my community ...”), is supported by a narration recorded by Abu Dawud from Abu Umamah, in the Book of Jihad, chapter: the prohibition of religious wandering, 3:357. See: Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Da'ifah, 3:479-480; Mishkat al-Masabih, 1:225; Majma' al-Zawa'id, 4:254. (4) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi in the section on tafsir, Surat al-Ma'idah, 8:415. He said: “This is a hasan gharib hadith.” Some narrated it as mursal, without mentioning Ibn Abbas, and Khalid al-Hadhdha narrated it from Ikrimah as mursal. Al-Wahidi also recorded it with his chain in Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 236. Al-Tabari recorded in his Tafsir, 7:8, the version to which al-Tirmidhi referred. Al-Suyuti also attributed it to Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Mardawayh. See: al-Durr al-Manthur, 3:139; al-Qurtubi, Tafsir, 6:260.

عَنْ زَوْجِكَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ؟ فَكَرِهَتْ أَنْ تَكْذِبَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَرِهَتْ أَنْ تُبْدِيَ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ أَخْبَرَكَ عُثْمَانُ بِشَيْءٍ فَقَدْ صَدَقَكَ، فَانْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عُثْمَانُ أَخْبَرَتْهُ بِذَلِكَ فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ (أَلَمْ أُنَبَّأْ أَنَّكُمُ اتَّفَقْتُمْ عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا) ؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَمَا أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا الْخَيْرَ، فَقَالَ ﷺ: (إِنِّي لَمْ أُؤْمَرْ بِذَلِكَ) ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: (إِنَّ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حَقًّا فَصُومُوا وَأَفْطِرُوا وَقُومُوا وَنَامُوا، فَإِنِّي أَقُومُ وَأَنَامُ وَأَصُومُ وَأُفْطِرُ، وَآكُلُ اللَّحْمَ وَالدَّسَمَ وَآتِي النِّسَاءَ، فَمَنْ رَغِبَ عَنْ سُنَّتِي فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي) ، ثُمَّ جَمَعَ النَّاسَ وَخَطَبَهُمْ فَقَالَ: (مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ حَرَّمُوا النِّسَاءَ وَالطَّعَامَ وَالطِّيبَ وَالنَّوْمَ وَشَهَوَاتِ [النِّسَاءِ] (١) ؟ أَمَا إِنِّي لَسْتُ آمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَكُونُوا قِسِّيسِينَ وَرُهْبَانًا فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي دِينَيْ تَرْكُ اللَّحْمِ وَالنِّسَاءِ، وَلَا اتِّخَاذُ الصَّوَامِعِ، وَإِنَّ سِيَاحَةَ أُمَّتِي الصَّوْمُ وَرَهْبَانِيَّتَهُمُ الْجِهَادُ، اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا، وَحُجُّوا وَاعْتَمِرُوا وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ، وَصُومُوا رَمَضَانَ وَاسْتَقِيمُوا يُسْتَقَمْ لَكُمْ، فَإِنَّمَا هَلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ بِالتَّشْدِيدِ، شَدَّدُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ فَشَدَّدَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأُولَئِكَ بَقَايَاهُمْ فِي الدِّيَارِ وَالصَّوَامِعِ) ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ الْكُشْمِيهَنِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْكِسَائِيُّ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ أَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخَلَّالُ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ رِشْدِينَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَنْعُمَ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ مَظْعُونٍ ﵁ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: ائْذَنْ لَنَا فِي الْاخْتِصَاءِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: (لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ خَصَى وَلَا اخْتَصَى، خِصَاءُ أُمَّتِي الصِّيَامُ) ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ائْذَنْ لَنَا فِي السِّيَاحَةِ، فَقَالَ: (إِنَّ سِيَاحَةَ أُمَّتَيِ الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ) ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ائْذَنْ لَنَا فِي التَّرَهُّبِ، فَقَالَ: (إِنَّ تَرَهُّبَ أُمَّتَيِ الْجُلُوسُ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ وَانْتِظَارُ الصَّلَاةِ) (٣) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَصَبْتُ مِنَ اللَّحْمِ فَانْتَشَرْتُ وَأَخَذَتْنِي شَهْوَةٌ، فَحَرَّمْتُ اللَّحْمَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحَرِّمُوا طَيِّبَاتِ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ﴾ (٤)

(١) في "ب": (الدنيا) . (٢) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ٧ / ٨-١١، الدر المنثور: ٣ / ١٤١-١٤٢، أسباب النزول (٢٣٦-٢٣٧) . (٣) أخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ٢ / ٢٧٠-٢٧١، وفي مصابيح السنة: ١ / ٢٢٥ (مشكاة المصابيح) . والحديث ضعيف، لضعف رشدين بن سعد وزياد بن أنعم الأفريقي. وللقطعة الثانية من الحديث "إن سياحة أمتي ... " شاهد عند أبي داود من حديث أبي أمامة في الجهاد باب النهي عن السياحة: ٣ / ٣٥٧. وانظر: سلسلة الأحاديث الضعيفة: ٣ / ٤٧٩-٤٨٠، مشكاة المصابيح: ١ / ٢٢٥، مجمع الزوائد: ٤ / ٢٥٤. (٤) أخرجه الترمذي في التفسير، سورة المائدة: ٨ / ٤١٥، وقال: هذا حديث حسن غريب، ورواه بعضهم مرسلا، ليس فيه: عن ابن عباس، ورواه خالد الحذاء عن عكرمة مرسلا، وأخرجه الواحدي بسنده في أسباب النزول: ص (٢٣٦) ، وأخرج الطبري في التفسير: ٧ / ٨ الرواية التي أشار إليها الترمذي، وعزاه السيوطي أيضا لابن أبي حاتم وابن مردويه. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٣ / ١٣٩، تفسير القرطبي: ٦ / ٢٦٠.