Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/84)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

on the Sabbath. David, peace be upon him, said, “O Allah, curse them and make them a sign.” Thus, they were transformed into apes. “And Jesus, son of Mary”—that is, by the tongue of Jesus, peace be upon him—referring to the disbelievers among the people of the Table. When they did not believe, Jesus said, “O Allah, curse them and make them a sign.” Thus, they were transformed into swine. “That was because they disobeyed and persisted in transgression.”

“They would not forbid one another from the evil they committed”—that is, they did not forbid one another—(1) “How evil indeed were their deeds!”

Abu Sa'id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi informed us; al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Husayn informed us; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq informed us; Abu Ya'la al-Mawsili informed us; Wahb ibn Baqiyyah informed us; Khalid—meaning Ibn Abd Allah al-Wasiti—narrated from al-Ala ibn al-Musayyib, from Amr ibn Murrah, from Abu Ubaydah, from Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Among the Children of Israel before you, whenever one of them committed a sin, another would admonish him. Yet the following day he would sit with him, eat with him, and drink with him, as though he had not seen him committing that sin the day before. When Allah, Exalted is He, saw this from them, He set the hearts of some of them against others, transformed some of them into apes and swine, and cursed them by the tongue of David and Jesus, son of Mary, peace be upon them. That was because they disobeyed and persisted in transgression. By Him in Whose Hand is my soul, you must enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong; you must restrain the foolish wrongdoer and compel him firmly to the truth, or else Allah will surely set your hearts against one another and curse you as He cursed them.” (2)

“They would not forbid one another from the evil they committed. How evil indeed were their deeds! (79) You see many of them taking the disbelievers as allies. Evil indeed is what their souls have sent ahead for them: Allah is displeased with them, and they will remain in punishment forever. (80) Had they believed in Allah, the Prophet, and what was sent down to him, they would not have taken them as allies; but many of them are defiantly disobedient. (81)”

His saying, Exalted is He: “You see many of them”—it was said: the Jews, Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf and his companions—“taking the disbelievers as allies”

(1) The text enclosed in parentheses is omitted in manuscript “B”. (2) It has been narrated through several chains and in differing wordings from Abu Musa and Abdullah ibn Masud. Abu Dawud recorded it in al-Malahim (Trials), the chapter on enjoining and forbidding, 6:186; and al-Tirmidhi in his commentary on Surat al-Maidah, 8:412-413, where he said: “This is a sound, uncommon hadith.” Some narrators report it from Abu Ubaydah directly from the Prophet as a mursal (chainless) report. Ibn Majah also recorded it, both in mursal and connected forms, in al-Fitan (Tribulations), the chapter on enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, nos. 4006-4007, 2:1327-1328; and Imam Ahmad recorded it in al-Musnad, 1:391. Al-Haythami attributed it to al-Tabarani and said: “Its narrators are those of the Sahih.” (Majma al-Zawaid, 7:269.) Al-Mundhiri said: “Abu Ubaydah ibn Abdullah ibn Masud did not hear from his father; therefore, its chain is interrupted.”

فِي السَّبْتِ، وَقَالَ دَاوُدُ ﵇: اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْهُمْ وَاجْعَلْهُمْ آيَةً فَمُسِخُوا قِرَدَةً، ﴿وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ﴾ أَيْ: عَلَى لِسَانِ عِيسَى ﵇، يَعْنِي: كُفَّارَ أَصْحَابِ الْمَائِدَةِ، لَمَّا لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا، قَالَ عِيسَى: اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْهُمْ وَاجْعَلْهُمْ آيَةً فَمُسِخُوا خَنَازِيرَ، ﴿ذَلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ﴾ ﴿كَانُوا لَا يَتَنَاهَوْنَ عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ فَعَلُوهُ﴾ [أَيْ: لَا يَنْهَى بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا] (١) ﴿لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ أَنَا الْحَسَنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ أَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَ أَنَا خَالِدٌ -يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْوَاسِطِيَّ -عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "كَانَ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِذَا عَمِلَ الْعَامِلُ مِنْهُمُ الْخَطِيئَةَ نَهَاهُ النَّاهِي تَعْذِيرًا فَإِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ جَالَسَهُ وَآكَلَهُ وَشَارَبَهُ كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَهُ عَلَى الْخَطِيئَةِ بِالْأَمْسِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى اللَّهُ ﵎ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ ضَرَبَ قُلُوبَ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ، وَجَعَلَ مِنْهُمُ الْقِرَدَةَ وَالْخَنَازِيرَ، وَلَعَنَهُمْ عَلَى لِسَانِ دَاوُدَ وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ ﵉ ذَلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَتَأْمُرُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَلَتَنْهَوُنَّ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، وَلَتَأْخُذُنَّ عَلَى يَدِ السَّفِيهِ وَلَتَأْطُرُنَّهُ عَلَى الْحَقِّ أَطْرًا أَوْ لَيَضْرِبَنَّ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَ بَعْضِكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَيَلْعَنَكُمْ كَمَا لَعَنَهُمْ" (٢) . ﴿كَانُوا لَا يَتَنَاهَوْنَ عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ فَعَلُوهُ لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ (٧٩) تَرَى كَثِيرًا مِنْهُمْ يَتَوَلَّوْنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَبِئْسَ مَا قَدَّمَتْ لَهُمْ أَنْفُسُهُمْ أَنْ سَخِطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَفِي الْعَذَابِ هُمْ خَالِدُونَ (٨٠) وَلَوْ كَانُوا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالنَّبِيِّ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مَا اتَّخَذُوهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ وَلَكِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنْهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ (٨١) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿تَرَى كَثِيرًا مِنْهُمْ﴾ قِيلَ: مِنَ الْيَهُودِ كَعْبُ بْنُ الْأَشْرَفِ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، ﴿يَتَوَلَّوْنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من (ب) . (٢) روي من طرق وبألفاظ مختلفة عن أبي موسى وعن عبد الله بن مسعود، فقد أخرجه أبو داود في الملاحم، باب الأمر والنهي: ٦ / ١٨٦، والترمذي في تفسير سورة المائدة: ٨ / ٤١٢-٤١٣، وقال: هذا حديث حسن غريب. وقال بعضهم: يقول عن أبي عبيدة عن النبي ﷺ: مرسل. وأخرجه ابن ماجه في الفتن، باب الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر برقم (٤٠٠٦-٤٠٠٧) ٢ / ١٣٢٧-١٣٢٨ مرسلا وموصولا، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ١ / ٣٩١، وعزاه الهيثمي للطبراني، وقال: رجاله رجال الصحيح. (مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ٢٦٩) . وقال المنذري: أبو عبيدة بن عبد الله بن مسعود لم يسمع من أبيه، فهو منقطع.