Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/80)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Muhammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī narrated from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Bedouin drew his sword and said, “Who will protect you from me, Muhammad?” He replied, “Allah.” The Bedouin’s hand trembled, and the sword fell from his hand. He then began striking his head against the tree until his brains were scattered; so Allah Most High revealed this verse.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; Ismaʿil ibn Khalil informed us; Ali ibn Mushir informed us; Yahya ibn Saʿid informed us; Abd Allah ibn Amir ibn Rabiʿah informed us, saying: I heard Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, say: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had remained awake one night. When he arrived in Medina, he said, “Would that a righteous man from among my Companions would guard me tonight.” Then we heard the sound of weapons, and he said, “Who is this?” He replied, “I am Saʿd ibn Abi Waqqas. I have come to guard you.” Then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, went to sleep. (1)

Abd Allah ibn Shaqiq narrated from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that she said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was guarded until this verse was revealed: “And Allah will protect you from the people.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, then put his head out from the tent and said to them, “O people, depart, for Allah has protected me.” (2)

“Say, ‘O People of the Book, you have no ground to stand upon until you uphold the Torah, the Gospel, and what has been sent down to you from your Lord.’ And what has been sent down to you from your Lord will surely increase many of them in rebellion and disbelief. So do not grieve over the disbelieving people. Indeed, those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Sabians and the Christians—whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day and does righteous deeds—there shall be no fear for them, nor shall they grieve. We certainly took the covenant of the Children of Israel and sent messengers to them. Whenever a messenger came to them with what their souls did not desire, they denied some and killed others.” (68–70)

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Jihad, chapter: “Guarding during a military campaign in the path of Allah,” 6:81; and by Muslim in Fada'il al-Sahaba, chapter on the virtue of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, no. 2410, 4:1875. (2) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in al-Tafsir, Surah al-Ma'idah, 8:411. He said: “This is a gharib hadith.” Some narrated this hadith from al-Jurayri, from Abdullah ibn Shaqiq, who said: “The Prophet ...,” without mentioning “from Aisha.” Al-Hakim authenticated it in al-Mustadrak, 2:313, and al-Dhahabi concurred. It was also reported by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 6:308. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in al-Fath: “Its chain is hasan, and they differed over whether it is connected or mursal.” Al-Suyuti additionally attributed it to Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, Abu al-Shaykh, al-Bayhaqi—both in their Dala'il al-Nubuwwah—and Ibn Mardawayh. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 3:118.

وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ أَنَّ الْأَعْرَابِيَّ سَلَّ سَيْفَهُ وَقَالَ: مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَالَ: اللَّهُ، فَرَعَدَتْ يَدُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ وَسَقَطَ السَّيْفُ مِنْ يَدِهِ وَجَعَلَ يَضْرِبُ بِرَأْسِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ حَتَّى انْتَثَرَ دِمَاغُهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ خَلِيلٍ أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ أَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ تَقُولُ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَهِرَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ قَالَ لَيْتَ رَجُلًا صَالِحًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِي يَحْرُسُنِي اللَّيْلَةَ، إِذْ سَمِعْنَا صَوْتَ سِلَاحٍ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: أَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَاصٍّ جِئْتُ لِأَحْرُسَكَ، فَنَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ (١) . وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شَقِيقٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُحْرَسُ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿وَاللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ﴾ فَأَخْرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الْقُبَّةِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: "أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ انْصَرِفُوا فَقَدْ عَصَمَنِي اللَّهُ ﷾" (٢) . ﴿قُلْ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لَسْتُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ حَتَّى تُقِيمُوا التَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَلَيَزِيدَنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنْهُمْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ طُغْيَانًا وَكُفْرًا فَلَا تَأْسَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ (٦٨) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالصَّابِئُونَ وَالنَّصَارَى مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (٦٩) لَقَدْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَأَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ رُسُلًا كُلَّمَا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهْوَى أَنْفُسُهُمْ فَرِيقًا كَذَّبُوا وَفَرِيقًا يَقْتُلُونَ (٧٠) ﴾

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد، باب الحراسة في الغزو في سبيل الله: ٦ / ٨١، ومسلم في فضائل الصحابة باب في فضل سعد بن أبي وقاص، برقم (٢٤١٠) : ٤ / ١٨٧٥. (٢) أخرجه الترمذي في التفسير، سورة المائدة: ٨ / ٤١١، وقال: هذا حديث غريب، وروى بعضهم هذا الحديث عن الجُريري عن عبد الله بن شقيق قال: كان النبي ... ولم يذكروا فيه: عن عائشة. وصححه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٣١٣ ووافقه الذهبي، والطبري في التفسير ٦ / ٣٠٨. وقال الحافظ ابن حجر في الفتح: "وإسناده حسن، واختلفوا في وصله وإرساله". وزاد السيوطي نسبته: لعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم وأبي الشيخ والبيهقي، كلاهما في الدلائل، وابن مردويه. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٣ / ١١٨.