Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/79)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

(Muhammad, 20), and some of the believers disliked it. Allah Most High says: “Have you not seen those who were told, ‘Restrain your hands,’” to the end of the verse (al-Nisa, 70). At times, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would refrain from urging jihad because he knew of some people’s dislike for it; so Allah revealed this verse.

Concerning His saying, exalted is He, “And if you do not do so, then you have not conveyed His message”: the people of Medina recited it in the plural, “His messages,” whereas the rest recited it in the singular, “His message.”

The meaning of the verse is: if you do not convey all of it and omit some of it, then you have conveyed nothing. That is, your sin in failing to convey some of it is like your sin 109/b in failing to convey all of it. This is like His saying: “They say, ‘We believe in some and disbelieve in some,’ seeking to take a way in between. They are truly disbelievers” (al-Nisa, 150–151). He thus informs that their disbelief in some of it nullifies their belief in the rest.

It is also said that “Convey what has been sent down to you” means: make its conveyance public, as in His saying: “Proclaim openly what you have been commanded” (al-Hijr, 94). “And if you do not do so” means: if you do not make its conveyance public, then you have not conveyed His message. He commanded him to convey openly what had been sent down to him, seeking Allah’s reward, remaining patient and unafraid. For if you conceal any part of it out of fear of harm coming upon you, then you have not conveyed His message.

“And Allah will protect you from the people”: He will preserve you and shield you from the people. If it is asked: Was not his head wounded, his incisor broken, and was he not subjected to various kinds of harm?

It is said: its meaning is that He will protect you from being killed, so that they will not be able to kill you.

It is also said that this verse was revealed after his head had been wounded, because Surah al-Ma’idah was among the last portions of the Quran to be revealed.

And it is said: Allah singles you out for protection from among the people, for the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, is divinely protected.

“Indeed, Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.” Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Abu al-Yaman informed us; Shu'ayb informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Sinan ibn Abi Sinan al-Du'ali and Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Rahman, that Jabir ibn Abd Allah informed them that he went on an expedition with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, in the direction of Najd. When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, returned, he returned with him. The midday heat overtook them in a valley thick with thorn trees, so the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, stopped, and the people dispersed to seek shade beneath the trees. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, stopped beneath a tree, hung his sword upon it, and we slept for a while. Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, suddenly called us, and there was a Bedouin with him. He said: “This man drew my sword while I was asleep. I awoke and found it unsheathed in his hand. He said, ‘Who will protect you from me?’ I said, ‘Allah,’ three times.” He did not punish him, and he sat down. (1)

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Jihad, chapter: “Whoever hangs his sword on a tree while traveling at midday,” 6:96; and in al-Maghazi. Also reported by Muslim in Salat al-Musafirin, chapter on the prayer of fear, no. 843, 1:576. The wording is al-Bukhari’s.

(مُحَمَّدٍ، ٢٠) وَكَرِهَهُ بَعْضُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ كُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ" الْآيَةَ (النِّسَاءِ، ٧٠) ، فَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُمْسِكُ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحَايِينِ عَنِ الْحَثِّ عَلَى الْجِهَادِ لِمَا يَعْلَمُ مِنْ كَرَاهَةِ بَعْضِهِمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ (رِسَالَاتِهِ) ، عَلَى الْجَمْعِ وَالْبَاقُونَ رِسَالَتَهُ عَلَى التَّوْحِيدِ. وَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: إِنْ لَمْ تُبَلِّغِ الْجَمِيعَ وَتَرَكْتَ بَعْضَهُ، فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ شَيْئًا، أَيْ: جُرْمُكَ فِي تَرْكِ تَبْلِيغِ البعض كجرمك ١٠٩/ب فِي تَرْكِ تَبْلِيغِ الْكُلِّ، كَقَوْلِهِ: "وَيَقُولُونَ نُؤْمِنُ بِبَعْضٍ وَنَكْفُرُ بِبَعْضٍ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذُوا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ حَقًّا" (النِّسَاءِ، ١٥٠-١٥١) ، أَخْبَرَ أَنَّ كُفْرَهُمْ بِالْبَعْضِ مُحْبِطٌ لِلْإِيمَانِ بِالْبَعْضِ. وَقِيلَ: بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ أَيْ: أَظْهِرْ تَبْلِيغَهُ، كَقَوْلِهِ: "فَاصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ" (الْحِجْرِ، ٩٤) وَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ: فَإِنْ لَمْ تُظْهِرْ تَبْلِيغَهُ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ، أَمَرَهُ بِتَبْلِيغِ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مُجَاهِرًا مُحْتَسِبًا صَابِرًا، غَيْرَ خَائِفٍ، فَإِنْ أَخْفَيْتَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا لِخَوْفٍ يَلْحَقُكَ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ. ﴿وَاللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ﴾ يَحْفَظُكَ وَيَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَإِنْ قِيلَ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ شُجَّ رَأْسُهُ وَكُسِرَتْ رَبَاعِيَتُهُ وَأُوذِيَ بِضُرُوبٍ مِنَ الْأَذَى؟ قِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ فَلَا يَصِلُونَ إِلَى قَتْلِكَ. وَقِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ بَعْدَمَا شُجَّ رَأْسُهُ لِأَنَّ سُورَةَ الْمَائِدَةِ مِنْ آخِرِ مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ. وَقِيلَ: وَاللَّهُ يَخُصُّكَ بِالْعِصْمَةِ مِنْ بَيْنِ النَّاسِ، لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَعْصُومٌ. ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ أَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَا سِنَانُ بْنُ أبي سنان الدولي وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ غَزَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ، فَلَمَّا قَفَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَفَلَ مَعَهُ وَأَدْرَكَتْهُمُ الْقَائِلَةُ فِي وَادٍ كَثِيرِ الْعِضَاةِ، فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ يَسْتَظِلُّونَ بِالشَّجَرِ، فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ وَعَلَّقَ بِهَا سَيْفَهُ وَنِمْنَا نَوْمَةً، فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدْعُونَا وَإِذَا عِنْدَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ، فَقَالَ: "إِنَّ هَذَا اخْتَرَطَ سَيْفِي وَأَنَا نَائِمٌ، فَاسْتَيْقَظْتُ وَهُوَ فِي يَدِهِ صَلْتًا، فَقَالَ: مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي؟ فَقُلْتُ: اللَّهُ "ثَلَاثًا"، وَلَمْ يُعَاقِبْهُ وَجَلَسَ. (١) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد، باب من علق سيفه بالشجر في السفر عند القائلة: ٦ / ٩٦، وفي المغازي. ومسلم في صلاة المسافرين، باب صلاة الخوف برقم (٨٤٣) : ١ / ٥٧٦. واللفظ للبخاري.