Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/71)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

And the third faction was Banu Asad, whose leader was Tulayhah ibn Khuwaylid ibn al-Walid. Tulayhah was the last of those who apostatized. He claimed prophethood during the lifetime of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and was the first of the apostates ⦗108/b⦘ to be fought after the Prophet’s death. Abu Bakr sent Khalid ibn al-Walid against him, and after fierce fighting Khalid defeated them. Tulayhah escaped and fled towards Syria. He later embraced Islam, and his Islam proved sound (1).

After the death of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, [during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him] (2), many people apostatized, until Allah spared the Muslims from their affair and granted victory to His religion through Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him (3).

Aishah said: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, passed away; the Arabs apostatized; hypocrisy raised its head; and Abu Bakr was faced with a trial which, had it befallen the firm mountains, would have crushed them” (4).

Some said that what is meant by His saying, “Allah will bring forth a people He loves and who love Him,” is the Ash‘aris. It is narrated from Iyad ibn Ghanm al-Ash‘ari that, when this verse was revealed—“Allah will bring forth a people He loves and who love Him”—the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “They are the people of this man,” and he pointed to Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari (5). They were from Yemen.

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Khiraqi informed us; Abu al-Hasan al-Taysafuni informed us; Abu Abd Allah ibn Umar al-Jawhari informed us; Ahmad ibn [Ali al-Kushmihani related to us: Ali ibn] Hujr related to us; Ismail ibn Jafar related to us; Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Alqamah related to us, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The people of Yemen have come to you. They are gentler in heart and more tender in feeling. Faith is Yemeni, and wisdom is Yemeni” (7).

Al-Kalbi said: They were clans from Yemen: two thousand from al-Nakha, five thousand from Kindah and Bajilah, and three thousand from various other tribes. They strove in the path of Allah on the Day of al-Qadisiyyah, during the caliphate of Umar, may Allah be pleased with him.

(1) See al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 6:314-319; 4:61. (2) The text within parentheses is omitted from manuscript B. (3) See Hurub al-Riddah (The Wars of Apostasy) by the martyred historian al-Kala'i, p. 35 ff. (4) See al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah by Ibn Hisham, 2:665; Hurub al-Riddah by al-Kala'i, p. 35; and Tarikh al-Tabari, 3:225. (5) Reported by al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak, 2:313, who declared it authentic according to Muslim's criteria; also reported by al-Tabarani, whose transmitters are those of the Sahih (Majma al-Zawa'id, 7:16), and by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 10:414-415. (6) Added from manuscript B and Sharh al-Sunnah. (7) Reported by al-Bukhari, Book of Military Expeditions, Chapter on the Arrival of the Ash'aris and the People of Yemen, 8:98; Muslim, Book of Faith, Chapter on the People of Faith ..., no. 52, 1:71; and Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:201.

وَالْفِرْقَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ: بَنُو أَسَدٍ، وَرَئِيسُهُمْ طُلَيْحَةُ بْنُ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، وَكَانَ طُلَيْحَةُ آخِرَ مَنِ ارْتَدَّ، وَادَّعَى النُّبُوَّةَ فِي حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَوَّلَ مَنْ قُوتِلَ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ من أهل ١٠٨/ب الرِّدَّةِ، فَبَعَثَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَيْهِ، فَهَزَمَهُمْ خَالِدٌ بَعْدَ قِتَالٍ شَدِيدٍ، وَأَفْلَتَ طُلَيْحَةُ فَمَرَّ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ هَارِبًا نَحْوَ الشَّامِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ (١) . وَارْتَدَّ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ [فِي خِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵁] (٢) خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، حَتَّى كَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَمْرَهُمْ وَنَصَرَ دِينَهُ عَلَى يَدَيْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵁ (٣) . قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: "تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَارْتَدَّتِ الْعَرَبُ وَاشْرَأَبَّ النِّفَاقُ، وَنَزَلَ بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ مَا لَوْ نَزَلَ بِالْجِبَالِ الرَّاسِيَاتِ لَهَاضَهَا" (٤) . وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَسَوْفَ يَأْتِي اللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ﴾ هَمُ الْأَشْعَرِيُّونَ، رُوِيَ عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿فَسَوْفَ يَأْتِي اللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ﴾ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "هُمْ قَوْمُ هَذَا، وَأَشَارَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ" (٥) وَكَانُوا مِنَ الْيَمَنِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْخِرَقِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّيْسَفُونِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ [عَلِيِّ الْكُشْمِيهَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ] (٦) حُجْرٍ أَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "أَتَاكُمْ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ هُمْ أَضْعَفُ قُلُوبًا وَأَرَقَّ أَفْئِدَةً، الْإِيمَانُ يَمَانٌ وَالْحِكْمَةُ يَمَانِيَّةٌ" (٧) وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: هُمْ أَحْيَاءٌ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ أَلْفَانِ مِنَ النَّخَعِ وَخَمْسَةُ آلَافٍ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ وَبَجِيلَةَ، وَثَلَاثَةُ آلَافٍ مِنْ أَفْيَاءِ النَّاسِ، فَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ فِي أَيَّامِ عُمَرَ ﵁.

(١) انظر: البداية والنهاية: ٦ / ٣١٤-٣١٩، ٤ / ٦١. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٣) انظر: حروب الردة للشهيد المؤرخ الكلاعي ص (٣٥) وما بعدها. (٤) انظر: السيرة النبوية لابن هشام: ٢ / ٦٦٥، حروب الردة للكلاعي ص (٣٥) . تاريخ الطبري، ٣ / ٢٢٥. (٥) أخرجه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٣١٣ وصححه على شرط مسلم، وأخرجه الطبراني ورجاله رجال الصحيح (مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ١٦) . والطبري في التفسير: ١٠ / ٤١٤-٤١٥. (٦) زيادة من "ب" و"شرح السنة". (٧) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب قدوم الأشعريين وأهل اليمن: ٨ / ٩٨، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب أهل الإيمان ... (٥٢) : ١ / ٧١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٠١.