Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/64)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Allah the Exalted’s saying, “But whoever forgoes it charitably”: that is, retaliation. “It shall be an expiation for him.” It was said that the pronoun in “for him” refers to the injured person and the slain person’s legal heir; that is, it is an expiation for the one who relinquishes his right. This was the view of ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As, al-Hasan, al-Sha‘bi, and Qatadah.

Abu Sa‘id Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tha‘labi informed us; ‘Abd Allah al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Daynawari informed us; ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab informed us; ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Fadl informed us; Abu Khaythamah informed us; Jarir informed us, from Mughirah, from al-Sha‘bi, from ‘Ubadah ibn al-Samit—may Allah be pleased with him—who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Whoever relinquishes something from his own body in charity, Allah will expiate from his sins in proportion to it.” (1)

A group of scholars said that it refers to the assailant and the killer. That is, if the victim forgives the offender, his forgiveness is an expiation for the offender’s sin, for which he will not be held to account in the Hereafter—just as retaliation is an expiation for him. As for the reward of the one who forgives, it rests with Allah, the Most High. Allah the Exalted says: “Whoever pardons and makes reconciliation, his reward is with Allah.” (al-Shura 42:40) This was related from Ibn ‘Abbas—may Allah be pleased with him—and it was the view of Ibrahim, Mujahid, and Zayd ibn Aslam. “And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed—it is they who are the wrongdoers.”

(1) Al-Tirmidhi narrated a longer version with similar wording from Abu al-Darda in al-Diyat (Blood Money), the chapter on forgiveness, 4:650. He said: “This is a gharib (unfamiliar) hadith, and I do not know that Abu al-Safar heard from Abu al-Darda.” Ibn Majah also narrated it in al-Diyat, the chapter on forgiveness in qisas (retaliatory punishment), no. 2693, 2:898; as did al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 10:368; Ibn Abi Asim in al-Diyat; and Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 5:316 and 6:448. Al-Mundhiri cited it in al-Targhib wa al-Tarhib, 3:305, through Imam Ahmad and said: “Its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.” He also cited Ibn Majah’s version and said: “Its chain is sound were it not for the break in transmission.”

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ﴾ أَيْ بِالْقِصَاصِ ﴿فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ﴾ قِيلَ: الْهَاءُ فِي "لَهُ" كِنَايَةٌ عَنِ الْمَجْرُوحِ وَوَلِيِّ الْقَتِيلِ، أَيْ: كَفَّارَةٌ لِلْمُتَصَدِّقِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ وَالْحَسَنِ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ وَقَتَادَةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّيْنَوَرِيُّ أَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ أَنَا جَرِيرٌ عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ مِنْ جَسَدِهُ بِشَيْءٍ كَفَّرَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ بِقَدْرِهِ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ" (١) . وَقَالَ جَمَاعَةٌ: هِيَ كِنَايَةٌ عَنِ الْجَارِحِ وَالْقَاتِلِ، يَعْنِي: إِذَا عَفَا المجني عليه من الْجَانِي فَعَفْوُهُ كَفَّارَةٌ لِذَنْبِ الْجَانِي لَا يُؤَاخَذُ بِهِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، كَمَا أَنَّ الْقِصَاصَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ، فَأَمَّا أَجْرُ الْعَافِي فَعَلَى اللَّهِ ﷿، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "فَمَنْ عَفَا وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ" (الشُّورَى-٤٠) ، رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُجَاهِدٍ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، ﴿وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ﴾

(١) أخرجه الترمذي بنحوه مطولا عن أبي الدرداء، في الديات، باب ما جاء في العفو: ٤ / ٦٥٠، وقال: هذا حديث غريب، ولا أعرف لأبي السفر سماعا من أبي الدرداء، وأخرجه ابن ماجه في الديات، باب العفو في القصاص برقم (٢٦٩٣) : ٢ / ٨٩٨، والطبري في التفسير: ١٠ / ٣٦٨، وابن أبي عاصم في الديات، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٥ / ٣١٦، ٦ / ٤٤٨. وذكره المنذري في الترغيب والترهيب: ٣ / ٣٠٥ من رواية الإمام أحمد وقال: رجاله رجال الصحيح. ومن رواية ابن ماجه وقال: إسناده حسن لولا الانقطاع.